icmp_error_reporting_icmp_protocols.pptx

imcmp,error reporting

1. Error Reporting Mechanism Presented By: Presented to :

2. Table of Contents: What is error reporting? ICMP protocol ICMP message format Types of error reporting

3. Error Reporting: The error-reporting message means that the router encounters a problem when it processes an IP packet then it reports a message. For example, some sender wants to send the message to some destination, but the router couldn't send the message to the destination. In this case, the router sends the message to the sender that I could not send the message to that destination.

4. ICMP Protocol: The ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a network layer protocol. It is used for error handling in the network layer, and it is primarily used on network devices such as routers. As different types of errors can exist in the network layer, so ICMP can be used to report these errors and to debug those errors.

5. ICMP Message Format:

6. Types of Error Reporting messages:

7. Destination Unreachable: The destination unreachable error occurs when the packet does not reach the destination. Suppose the sender sends the message, but the message does not reach the destination, then the intermediate router reports to the sender that the destination is unreachable.

8. Source Quench:  A source quench message informs the sender that the datagram has been discarded due to the congestion occurs in the network layer. There is no flow-control mechanism in the IP protocol. The lack of flow control can generate congestion in routers or the destination host.

9. Time Exceeded: When the last destination does not obtain all of the fragments in a set time, it removes the received fragments and sends a time-exceeded message to the original source.  Whenever a router gets a datagram with a time-to-live value of zero, it discards the datagram and shares a time exceeded message to the original source.

10. Parameter Problem Message: Any ambiguity in the header part of a datagram can Create serious problems as the datagram travels through the Internet. If a router or the destination host discovers an ambiguous or missing value in any field of the datagram, it discards the datagram and sends a parameter-problem message back to the source.

11. Redirection: The host/router sends this message to update the routing table of the host. For example ,   sender A wants to send the message to receiver B and there is a  router  between them. Then, A sends the data to the router and the router sends the message to B and redirection message to A so that A can update its routing table.

12. Any Question?