ICT-AND-SOCIETY-1- ppt GRADE 11- HUMSS.pptx

ICT-AND-SOCIETY-1- ppt GRADE 11- HUMSS

1. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ICT 5 th Edition and SOCIETY

2. HARDWARE CONCEPTS LESSON 1:

3. WHAT IS HARDWARE? Hardware actually refers to the physical and mechanical components of a computer system.

4. WHAT IS HARDWARE? It consists of devices like circuit boards , chips , monitors , disks , disk drives , modems , keyboards and printers .

5. Wilhelm Schickard invented the first mechanical calculator. “Programmable” means the capacity of computer to simulate any type of calculating device by changing stored command. 1623 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

6. The US Census Bureau began using using punch cards patented by Herman Hollerith. 1890 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER HARDWARE Hollerith’s Punched card Tabulator and Sorter

7. The first electronic programmable computer- the ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTERGRATOR ANALYZER AND COMPUTER (ENIAC) was design by John Presper Eckret and John William Mauchly . It was built by by the US Army to calculate the trajectory of ballistic missiles. This was part of the FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER . 1945 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER HARDWARE ENIAC in a Museum

8. TRANSISTORS are semiconductor devices used for voltage stabilization. Computers that used transistors belonged to what is now known as SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS. 1947 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

9. The invention of the INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) and the microprocessor paved the way for the so-called THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS . IC’s also called MICROCHIPS , the electronic circuits containing interconnected transistors and other circuit elements. Advanced integrated circuits are known as MICROPROCESSORS . 1960’s EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER HARDWARE Intel 4004, the 1 st commercial microprocessor

10. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE INPUT DEVICES PROCESSING UNIT OUTPUT DEVICES STORAGE DEVICES

11. STORAGE Computer memory is measured in bytes. A byte appears as a series of 1s and 0s usually grouped in pairs of eight. They can only be either long-term (read-only memory) or short term (random-access memory).

12. VOLATILE MEMORY This refers to computer memory requires electric power to store data temporarily. When there is no electric current, data stored in volatile memory will be erased.

13. RAM This is used to speed up the loading times of software applications such as operating system (OS), Web browsers, computer games, and the like. It is also used to process photos, sounds, and movies.

14. NON-VOLATILE MEMORY A type of memory that retains data even if electric power is cut off.

15. HARD DISK This contains the computers’ operating system, files associated with other programs in the computer, and your own personal files such as documents, images, movies, and music

16. OPTICAL DISC The portable storage medium that is read and written using laser technology. A CD( compact disc) can store up to 650 MB of data. A DVD (digital video disc) can store 4 to 8 GB of data. Blu-Ray discs can store 25 to 50 GB of data.

17. USB FLASH DRIVE This is a chip that can be erased and reprogrammed to hold data. The usual capacity of flash drive are 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 gigabytes.

18. TAPE DRIVE This uses magnetic tape for digital recording. This kind of storage is used mainly for data backups and archives.

19. PROCESS Data processing is defined as the conversion of data from one format to another. Data refers to a collection of numbers and characters which computer understands. Microprocessor (CPU) is the brain of the computer.

20. PARTS OF A PC

21. MONITOR Screen that displays what is going in the computer. New model are typically Plug & Play compatible, which means the operating system of the computer can easily recognize them and make them work when they are plugged-into the system. They do not need software drivers.

22. KEYBOARD Main input device for most computers. Used to input textual information to the computer.

23. MOUSE Another type of input device. It lets you feed instructions to the computer by simply pointing and clicking in a graphical environment.

24. SYSTEM CASE Box or shell that houses the system unit. This should have room for expansion, contain spare drive bays, and allow space to work inside for attachments to the system unit.

25. MOTHERBOARD Main circuit board in the computer. Practically all the other parts of the computer have a direct or indirect connection to the motherboard. It must have enough expansion slots for memory and circuit boards. Most importantly, its chipset must support the kind of hardware you want with your system

26. MAIN MEMORY/RAM Allows computers to store and retain information. Memory boards are motherboard dependent, which means you have to buy only those that your motherboard accepts.

27. PROCESSOR Brain of the computer that handles the flow of all data. This is what computer manufacturers usually advertise because speed is something that buyers can relate to.

28. HARD DISK Main storage device that holds the operating system and other programs and data files. It pays to buy those with manuals or jumper instructions already attached to the product itself. A drive that spins at least 7,200 RPM is recommended for today's applications.

29. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM DRIVE Reads DVDs and CDs.

30. VIDEO/ GRAPHICS CARD Displays images on the monitor. Most graphics cards today have at least 64 MB. Using a card that has less will only cause problems with the computer you are building because many programs that use heavy graphics will not work. AGP video card slots are now standard in the newer motherboards.

31. SOUND CARD Decodes sound files into audio sent to speakers. Some motherboards have sound cards already integrated into them like SoundMax in IBM PCs. Unfortunately, cards like these are often specifically designed to work only on popular operating systems like Windows and the Mac OS.

32. CABLE CONNECTORS Computer parts cannot come together by themselves. Most require cable connectors in order to communicate with the motherboard and other components of the computer. Most come with the motherboard or drives upon purchase. They have to be long enough to extend between the CPU and the prescribed location of the device.

33. NETWORK CARD/ MODEM This card may either have a LAN (Local Area Network) port or a WiFi antenna that can connect to a home network either by LAN cable or WiFi .

34. POWER SUPPLY Make sure that the power supply you set for your PC has enough wattage to run all the equipment.

35. OTHER PERIPHERALS External devices that you connect to your computer. They can be connected either through serial connection, such as mice or modems, or parallel connection, like printers and removable storage devices.