ICT-Binary & Memory Computer Subject Topic

This lesson is about to know how binary works in our computer; and how we interpret it.

1. Topic 14
Binary & Memory

2. Technical Terms
Bit -a fundamental unit of information having just
two possible values, as either of the
binary digits 0 or 1.
Byte-a unit of digital information in computing and
telecommunications that most commonly consists
of eight bits.

3. Technical Terms
Capacitor–an electronic component that
stores electricity charge
Transistors–an electronic component that
can be used as switching device.
Hertz (Hz) –the clock rate of CPU wherein
one Hz is equal to one cycle per second

4. Binary Digit
Binarymeans two (2). All input to the computer
is converted into binary numbers made up of
two digits zero (0) and one (1). A single digit in a
binary numbers is called bitor binary digit, the
smallest element of the computer. The bit is
physically a transistor or capacitor in a memory
cell, a magnetic domain on disk drive, a
reflective spot on optical media or a high or low
voltage pulsating through a circuit such as in
network transmission.

5. Binary Digit
When a computer needs to represent a
number or a letter in the alphabet, it will
group 8 bits together to make a single
byte. Remember that a bit can only be 1
or 0, so a group of eight 1’s and 0’s will
be a single byte.

6. Binary Digit
In binary sequence, whether it be numbers, uppercase
letters, lowercase letters, or any other alphanumeric
sequence, you have to read the binary from right to left.
You should be seeing a pattern.

7. Binary Digit
Convert Decimal Numbers to Binary
To convert a decimal number to binary, do the
following:
1.Divide the number by 2
2.Get the quotient and the remainder.
3.Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2.
4.Get the quotient and the remainder again
5.Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
6.Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the
binary equivalent.

9. BYTES
A group of 8 bits is called byte which symbol is B and is
equivalent to one alphanumeric character, an asterisk sign or a
decimal point. It is a unit of measurement for memory RAM and
storage component like hard drive, files, and databases. Drives
and memory are rated in bytes
Example:
500GB Hard drive –500 Billion of characters
2 GB of RAM –2 Billion of characters
(temporarily)

10. BYTES
When you start talking about lots of bytes, you get into prefixes
like K, M, G as kilo, mega, and gigarespectively.

11. BYTES

12. Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine
the number of bytes being used.
For example, a file is 2MB in size
1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
2 x 1,048,576 = 2,097,152 bytes in a 2MB file
Assuming all the files have size of 2MB each, then 1 GB
(1,073,741,824) memory card can approximately hold 521 files
Storage Capacity= Approximate no. of files
File Size
1,073,741,824= 512 Files
2,097,152