Identification of fish seed

Identification of fish seed procedure

1. IDENTIFICATION OF FISH & SHRIMP SEED

2. Concept of Fish seed… Fish seed is the small sized fish which is stocked in ponds to make it in marketable size fish. Fish seed refers from hatchling life stage to fingerling stage. Hatchling Spawn Fry Fingerling References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

3. Hatchling: The larvae emerging from the fertilized eggs after hatching is called hatchling. It is characterized by the presence of yolk sac hanging below from where it draws its nutrition for 2–3 days. At this stage the mouth is not formed and hence it does not take food from outside. References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

4. Spawn: As soon as the yolk sac of the hatchling is absorbed it is known as spawn. At this stage the mouth is formed and it starts taking small zooplankton like rotifers and supplementary feed like egg yolk, finely powdered oil cake, rice bran etc. References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

5. Fry: As soon as the spawn assume the shape of the fish and grow to about 1–2 cm it is known as fry. At this stage they are primarily smaller size zooplankton feeder . It takes about 7 to 10 days for the spawn to grow up to fry stage. References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

6. Fingerling: As soon as the fry grow up to 10–15 cm size or roughly equal the size of a finger it is known as fingerling. Fingerling is the proper size for stocking in table fish production ponds. It takes about 30–60 days for the fry to grow up to fingerling size. References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

7. Rohu Seed Identification:

8. Catla seed identification: Upper lip is absent and the lower lip is thick References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

9. Mrigal seed identification: Mouth terminal and wide, lips without fringe References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

10. Tilapia seed: Regular and definitive stripes on the caudal fin References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

11. Clarias gariepinus seed  Narrow and angular occipital process; References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

12. Clarias batrachus seed: Occipital process more or less triangular References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

13. Chitala seed: Differs from  C. ornata  in never having ocellated spots and from  C. blanci  and  C. lopis  in never having a black spot on the pectoral fin base C. blanci References: Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture – FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 501

14. Shrimp/Tiger Prawn/ Penaeus monodon seed: Generally dark coloured , with the carapace and abdomen transversely banded with black and white  The rest of the body is variable, ranging from light brown to blue or red.

15. Prawn seed: Both ventral and dorsal teeth present The head is also proportionately larger and the abdomen is narrower

16. P. vannamei seed: The eyestalks and antennal scales are bluish and the margins of the uropods are blue with a bright red fringe .  the antennules are spotted ( Racek , 1955).

17. What do we mean by seed quality? The fish seed quality considerations are those which meet the expectations and demands of the producer (grow-out operations) and the final consumer of the end product.

18. The parameters for seed quality assurance: Conforms to market needs: • Colour • Body shape • Safe (free of human disease causing organisms) Koi seed Guppy seed

19. Meets producers needs and expectations : • uniformity of size and age • fast growing • consistency • genetic potential • purity GIFT

20. Minimizes risk to the farmer : − high survival − disease resistance − healthy (nutritionally fit and free of disease)

21. Distinguish between good and bad quality of fish seed: Vigorous and healthy stocking material can only ensure good crop of fry/fingerling. It is advised to check condition of the fry before stocking in rearing ponds. Sl. No. Point of observation Good fry Bad fry 1 Body shape Well formed body Emaciated/Lean with relatively bigger head 2 Body colour Bright, shiny Fade colouration 3 Scales No spots of missing scales Lose scale and spots without scale 4 Movement Active and exhibit normal movement Lethargic 5 Reflex Immediately react to touch and try to escape Weak response 6 Touch Slippery texture of the body Rough body

22. Protozoan diseases: Ichthyopthiriasis Minute white spots, nodular in form and in size on the skin, fins and gills. Trichodiniasis : Grayish blue veil like coating over the body surface along with darkening of the skin excessive mucus secretion References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

23. Myxosporidiean diseases whirling swimming action ; form, boils or cysts on the body surface Disease caused by monogenetic trematode the colour of the gills becomes faded and there is excessive secretion of mucus due to the presence of gill fluke. Clinical signs of skin fluke infestation include fading of the normal body colour and small spots of blood on the body surface. References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

24. Diseases caused by crustaceans: Attachment sites shows sign of ulceration Lernaea burrows deep into the body fluids References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

25. Bacterial Diseases: Dropsy in spawn Vibriosis Edwardsellosis Hemorrhages in catfish References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

26. Fungal diseases: Saprolegniasis or cotton wool disease References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

27. Viral disease: Grass carp hemorrhagic virus (GCHV) Koi herpes virus disease (KHVD) References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

28. Environmental Mediated Diseases: Gas bubble disease Hypoxia References: An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries, Md. Ali Reza Faruk et. al

29. How do we achieve quality seed? The Working Group discussed what were the important features of good quality seed and what factors would influence good quality: 1) Genetic quality which concerns the following aspects: ( i ) genetic management of domesticated stocks (ii) development of improved broodstock (iii) availability of good quality broodstock (iv) access to good quality broodstock

30. 2) Good hatchery and/or nursery management which concerns the following aspects: ( i ) good nutrition of broodstock , larvae and fry (ii) good record keeping (iii) bio-security (iv) financing (v) disease control (vi) standardization of protocols (vii) implementing of technology (e.g. 3n and monosex ) (viii) human resource capacity (training, skills development) (ix) knowledge base/ information resources.

31. FACTORS CAUSES FISH SEED MORTALITY Diseases caused by bacteria, parasite. Over crowing. Dissolve oxygen. Carbon –di-oxide. Ammonia. Improper temperature. Overfeeding. Poor pond hygene. Dirty water etc.

32. Conclusion: Good quality fish seed can grow healthy fish and satisfy consumers’ need. If the quality of the seed deteriorates then it should hamper fish market policy and indirectly affect the GDP of fisheries. Broodstock , Husbandry (hatchery and nursery), Seed movements and availability (transport, holding and distribution, trans-boundary movements), Pathogens and diseases (important parasitic, bacterial, fungal and viral diseases) act as determining factors of the quality of seed. Hence to enrich the fisheries world the first and foremost step is to identify the correct and quality fish seed.

33. References: http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC381E/AC381E23.htm https://www.google.com/search?q=fish+seed+quality&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifwdfHxJrfAhUKsY8KHbfeD0EQ_AUIDygC&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=_ http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC378E/AC378E02.htm http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Clarias_gariepinus/en http://www.fao.org/fishery/affris/species-profiles/nile-tilapia/nile-tilapia-home/en/ https://www.google.com/ search?biw =1366&bih=608&tbm= isch&sa =1&ei=xncTXKzTL9Cm9QPL655I&q= male+and+female+shrimp+seed&oq = male+and+female+shrimp+seed&gs_l =img.3...42400.47017..47349...0.0..0.246.2133.0j5j6......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0j0i5i30j0i8i30.1wS61fWdHJM#imgrc=_ http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AC381E/AC381E02.htm

34. WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF ANIMAL & FISHERY SCIENCES FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCES AAH – 316 A SEMINAR ON- FISH & SHRIMP SEED IDENTIFICATION SUBMITTED BY SAILESH MAHAPATRA B.F.Sc 3 rd yr. 1 st sem ROLL NO. F/2016/21 SUBMITTED TO: PROF. Gadadhar dash H.O.D. DEPT. OF AAH

35. THANK YOU