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1. CHILD LABOUR Presented by: SURAJ CHAURASIYA Roll: 13 Class - XII 1

2. CONTENTS Introduction What is the age of Child Labour ? Child Labour statistics Causes of Child Labour Cycle of Child Labour Regulation and Prohibition Act Effects of Child Labour How do we stop Child Labour ? Action Preventive measures Conclusion Reference 2

3. INTRODUCTION 3 CHLD LABOUR (A SOCIALLY ACCEPTED CRIME) Child labour refers to employment of children at regular and sustained level. This practice is considered as illegal in many countries. In these practices children below the age of 14 are force to work by other people. Child labour is work for children that harms them or exploits them in some way (i.e. physically, morally, mentally or by blocking access to education .)

4. What is the age of child Labor ? What is the law on child labour ? In India the law addressing child labour is known as the Child Labour Amendment (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2016. This law regulates the employment of children and does not allow children below the age of 14 to work except as a child artist and in a family business. 4

5. WORLDWISE 61% in Asia, 32% in Africa, and 7% in Latin America, 1% in US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. In Asia, 22% of the workforce is children. In Latin America, 17% of the workforce is children. 246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labor. Out of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous. 5

6. Scale Extreme Risk High Risk Medium Risk Low Risk Countries Bangladesh Nigeria India Somalia Pakistan Rating Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme Extreme CHILD LABOUR INDEX 6

7. Child labour statistics One in every six children aged 5 to 17 worldwide is exploited by child labour . There are approximately 9 million children involved in the unconditional worst forms of child labour . In Sub-Saharan Africa around one in three children are engaged in child labour , representing 69 million children. In South Asia, another 44 million are engaged in child labour . 7

8. Causes of child labour Overexploitation of population. Decrease of resources. Decrease in literacy. Increase of poverty. Increase of unemployment. Lack of schooling and daily care. Limited choices for women . 8

9. CYCLE OF CHILD LABOUR 9

10. poverty is the basic reason and driving force that compels these children to work like labours and earn a little money at the end of the day. The bad financial condition up-thrust to the problem of child labour. Mostly poor families have more number of children, so it becomes very difficult for them to survive on the income of only one family member so they make their small children their source of income . 10 poverty

11. Another important reason is unemployment which forces the parents to send their children to work places Due to unemployment its become compulsion of parents to make their children to work in factories, shops, even selling items on streets. There are many cases of child labor where a child has to work against the repayment of a loan which was taken by his father. 11 Unemployment Of Elders

12. Excess Population In villages there is trend of early marriages and have large number of children. To fulfill the basic needs they compel their children to do work. So they have no other choice but to work and earn a little amount to support their families They consider children as their source of income and they make them to work like pulling carts, repairing machines, work in factories, selling goods etc. 12

13. Tradition Of Making Children Learn The Family Skills Children are force to follow the foot prints of their parents. They are trained from their childhood in the profession that the family has been following since ages. So they are unable to get primary education Children are forbidden from doing any other work. Because of this the children of labourers , craftsmen etc start working with their parents at a very young age. 13

14. Many developing countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, many African countries are facing a huge problem of illiteracy. Lower class people are mostly illiterate, so it is difficult for uneducated parents to understand the importance of education for their children. Literacy rate of India is :74.04% Male: 82.14% Female: 65.46% Parental Illiteracy 14

15. Another main reason for the promotion of child labour is due to the failure of government in practicing the laws to stop child labour due to which child labour is increasing day by day . Failure Of Laws 15

16. CHILD ABUSE Physical Abuse Children are physically abuse about 69% of children are physically abused and 52% of them are boys Sexual abuse According to ILO report 53.22% children specially girls are sexually Emotional abuse Children are emotional abused. According 16

17. Regulation and Prohibition Act,1986 This was declared by the parliament on 23rd December, 1986. It includes Prohibition of employment of children in certain occupations and processes . No child shall be employed or permitted to work in any of the occupations which are hazardous by its nature. 17

18. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 The law mandates free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years. This legislation also mandated that 25 per cent of seats in every private school must be allocated for children from economically disadvantaged groups. 18

19. EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOUR The difficulty of tasks and harsh working conditions create a number of problems such as premature ageing, malnutrition, depression, drug dependency etc. From disadvantaged backgrounds, minority groups, or abducted from their families, these children have no protection. 19

20. How do we stop Child Labour ? Educate yourself. Contact retail stores, manufacturers, and importers. Buy fair trade and sweatshop-free products whenever possible. Grow more of your own food. Share your time and money. Contact local, regional, and national legislators. 20

21. Action We have many plans for removing child labour in our home town, country and the world. Firstly we will go to the child labour . Then ask them in their position. We will say them it is very bad in a child life. In this time they need to go to school. We will go to them parents. We will say them some words. Education is the backbone of a nation. We are helping them for education and life 21

22. Free Education Awareness Programs Mid Day Meal System In Schools Laws Should Be Implemented Strictly Punishment Should Be Given To People Who Exploit Children 22 PREVENTIVE MEASURES

23. Conclusion The social malady of child labour can be brought under control, if each individual takes responsibility of reporting about anyone employing a child below the age of 14years. Thus, instead of ignoring on should find out about reporting child labour and how such children can actually be saved.  Child labour can be controlled if the government functions effectively with the support of the public. 23

24. Md Nurul Momen in April 2020 “ Child Labor: History, Process, and Consequences” Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), No Poverty, Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69625-6_30-1 . International Labour Organization, Copyright © International Labour Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund 2021 . ILO ISBN: 978-92-2-034878-9 (print); 978-92-2-034879-6 (web PDF). UNICEF ISBN: 978-92-806-5239-0 (print); 978-92-806-5240-6 (web PDF). Child Labour in India, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour, www.ilo.org/ipec. REFERENCE 24

25. Thank You 25