IG1 Element 1.pptx

Notes

1. Element 1: Why We Should Manage W orkplace H ealth and S afety NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Safety and Health IGC1

2. Learning Objectives Discuss the moral, social and financial reasons for managing health and safety in the workplace. Explain how health and safety is regulated and the consequences of non-compliance. Summarise the main health and safety duties of different groups of people at work. Explain how contractors should be selected, monitored and managed.

3. Morals and Money Element 1.1

4. Introduction to Key Terms Health - absence of disease or ill health. Safety - absence of risk of serious personal injury. Welfare - access to basic facilities.

5. Group Exercise Why might the management of an organisation not consider health and safety to be a priority?

6. The Moral Reason for Managing Health and Safety Global statistics from the International Labour Organization (ILO) SafeWork Programme: Over 350,000 work-related fatal accidents each year. 2.75 million work-related fatalities each year. 2.4 million fatalities from occupational diseases. 270 million accidents and 160 million diseases a year due to work. 4% of global GDP is lost.

7. Group Exercise An employee at your workplace has been seriously injured in a workplace accident. In groups, list the possible effects and implications of this accident on the: Injured employee. Company. Line manager.

8. The Financial Reason for Managing Health and Safety Accidents and ill health cost money. Costs may be: Direct - measurable costs arising directly from accidents. Indirect - arise as a consequence of the event but may not directly involve money. Often difficult to quantify. H&S failure can affect the broader economy, as well as individual companies.

9. Insured and Uninsured Costs Insured Costs Fire. Worker injury/death. Medical costs. Uninsured Costs Loss of raw materials due to accidents. Sick pay. Overtime. Equipment repairs. Lost materials. £8 - £36 £1

10. What are the three main reasons for managing health and safety? What should an employer provide to ensure health and safety: Safe place of _______________ Safe plant and ______________ Safe _______ of work Training, _____ and competency of ______ End of Section 1.1 Exercise

11. Regulating Health and Safety Element 1.2

12. Legal Reasons for Managing Workplace Health and Safety Most countries have health and safety laws. Failure to achieve legal minimum standards can lead to prosecution.

13. The International Framework International Labour Organization (ILO) Agency of the United Nations. Most countries are members. Sets international standards for H&S by publishing: Conventions. Recommendations.

14. The International Framework Conventions Create binding obligations or policies to implement their provisions. No legal authority, unless ratified by the member state into its own legal structure. Recommendations Provide guidance on policy, legislation and practice.

15. Regulations Adopted by the ILO Occupational Safety and Health Convention (C155) a goal-setting policy for companies and nations. Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation 1981 (R164) supplements C155 and gives more guidance on how to comply with its policies.

16. Employers’ Responsibilities Article 16 of C155 identifies obligations placed on employers to: Ensure that workplaces, machinery, equipment and work processes are safe and without risks to health. Ensure that chemical, physical and biological substances and agents are without risk to health when protective measures have been taken. Provide adequate protective clothing and equipment to prevent risks of accidents or adverse health effects.

17. Employers’ Responsibilities Everybody is responsible for health and safety - but most of the responsibility lies with the employer to provide: Safe place of work. Safe plant and equipment. Safe systems of work. Training, supervision and competency of staff.

18. Article 10 of R164: Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use working methods that are safe. Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and safety measures. Introduce organisational arrangements relevant to activities and size of undertaking. Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers. Ensure that work organisation , particularly working hours and rest breaks , does not adversely affect occupational safety and health. Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive physical and mental fatigue . Keep up-to-date with scientific and technical knowledge to comply with the above. Employers’ Responsibilities

19. Workers’ Responsibilities and Rights Article 19 of C155 also places obligations on workers, expanded in R164 as follows: Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other people. Comply with safety instructions and procedures. Use all safety equipment properly. Report any situation that they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves correct. Report any work-related accident/ill health.

20. Workers’ Responsibilities and Rights Article 19 of C155 states that every worker must be: Given adequate information on actions the employer has taken to ensure safety and health. Given the right to the necessary training in safety and health. Consulted by the employer on all matters of safety and health relating to their work. Given the right to leave a workplace that he has reason to think presents an imminent and serious danger to his life or health, and not be compelled to return until it is safe.

21. The Role of Enforcement Agencies No harmonised global standard. Country-specific agencies may include: H&S Enforcement Agency. Fire a uthority. Insurance companies. Police may be involved in enforcing H&S law in some countries.

22. Consequences of Non-Compliance Breach of H&S legislation is usually a criminal offence, leading to: Enforcement action: Improvement. Prohibition. Prosecution: Organisation may be fined. Individuals may be fined or imprisoned.

23. Other International Standards International Organization for Standardization (ISO) World’s largest developer of management standards, e.g.: ISO 9001 - Quality Management ISO 14001 - Environmental Management ISO 12100 - Safety of Machinery These standards are not ‘ law ’ , they’re good management practice. They lead to a worldwide common approach to good management.

24. Other International Standards Internationally-recognised standard for occupational h ealth and safety is currently I SO 45001 . Compatible with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 .

25. Sources of Information Health and Safety Executive (UK) www.hse.gov.uk Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA) www.osha.gov European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU) https://osha.europa.eu/en Worksafe (Western Australia) www.commerce.wa.gov.au/WorkSafe

26. Group Exercise An employee has been injured at work. Identify potential: Direct costs of the accident. Indirect costs of the accident.

27. Group Exercise Discuss the criminal - and civil-law implications of the following: A technician escapes injury by diving under a bench when a vessel blows up as a result of a design defect. A 12-year-old boy breaks his arm falling into a pit while playing on an unfenced building site. A machine operator is blinded in one eye by a colleague trying to help him remove a jammed machine part using a hammer. There is a safe way to remove the jammed part, which does not involve the use of a hammer, and the area they are in is a mandatory eye-protection zone. A scaffolder is electrocuted when the pole he is carrying touches a live overhead cable. The scaffolder works for a company contracted to a roofing company, in turn contracted to a factory owner.

28. End of Module 1.2 Exercise What are the two main standards that the ILO has produced for health and safety? What do countries do with these standards? What are employers’ responsibilities under R164 ? What are employees’ responsibilities under R164 ? What action could be taken against organisations breaking health and safety law?

29. 1.3: Who Does What in Organisations

30. The employer - a person or organisation that employs people. The employer in this context is normally an organisation, such as a company, and is sometimes referred to as the ‘corporate body’. They are a legal person . The Employer

31. The Employer Responsibility for ensuring that the workplace is safe and free of health risk rests with the employer . As we noted earlier, this responsibility is made clear in: ILO Convention C155 . ILO Recommendation R164 .

32. The Employer The employer carries ultimate responsibility for ensuring that the workplace is safe and free of health and safety risks. Ensures the safety of workers and ‘ others ’ , e.g. visitors and contractors.

33. Directors and Senior Managers Give an organisation its direction. Set its priorities. Allocate resources and appoint competent persons. Allocate responsibilities. Are responsible for ensuring that all of the legal requirements are met.

34. Directors and Senior Managers Directors and senior managers can have enormous influence over their organisation and its priorities. The way they are perceived by those lower in the management hierarchy is very important; they must demonstrate clear commitment and leadership with regard to health and safety.

35. Middle Managers and Supervisors Middle managers and supervisors are involved in the day-to-day operational running of the organisation so are responsible for the health and safety standards within the operations under their control.

36. The Shared Responsibilities of Joint Occupiers of Premises ILO Convention C155 – Article 17 ILO Recommendation R164 – Recommendation 11 Employers in shared facilities should communicate to develop appropriate health and safety standards and appropriate policies and procedures. This may include: Sharing of procedures, e.g. fire and emergency response. Sharing of risk assessments. Joint management-committee meetings.

37. Contractor Management If a client can be held responsible for an injury caused by a contractor working for the client, then it must be in the client’s own best interests to ensure that contractors do not endanger workers or others.

38. Shared Duties The way that a client manages contractors can be broken down into three key areas: Selection of contractors. Planning and c o-ordinating the work. Monitoring and managing the work.

39. Selection of Contractors Things you should check : Health and safety policy. Risk assessments. Qualifications and training records. Membership of a professional organisation. Maintenance and equipment testing. Previous or current clients. Accident records. Enforcement action. Adequate resources.

40. Planning and Co-ordination of the Work Information to be shared between client and contractor: Hazards posed by the site and work carried out. Hazards posed by the contractor’s activities. Risk assessments. Method statements.

41. Planning and Co-ordination of the Work Arrangements between the client and contractor include: Ensuring activities don’t conflict. Permit-to-work system to control activities.

42. Monitor and Managing the Work Clients must: Monitor the work to ensure safety. The client can: Stop the work if it involves unsafe practices. Auditing against agreed method statements is a good technique.

43. End of Module 1.3 Exercise To whom does an employer owe a duty with regard to health and safety? How can directors influence health and safety? What are the key worker responsibilities? What would you look for/check when selecting a contractor?

44. In this element, we have: Introduced some key words, such as: health; safety; and welfare. Highlighted the three main reasons why an organisation has to manage health and safety, which can be summarised as moral, legal and financial. Set out the basic requirements of the international standards that govern health and safety, i.e. the ILO Convention C155 and Recommendation R164 . Discussed the consequences for employers and workers of non-compliance with legal standards, together with the possible issue of worker compensation. Noted some sources of information on national health and safety standards. Identified various parties within and outside of the workplace and the responsibilities that they have. Considered the responsibility that a client has for the management of contractors and outlined the steps that a client should take to choose a competent contractor and plan and monitor their work. Summary