IGRA - Khushi Mawnnnneunsw नव्नजेजेa.pptx

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1. IGRA (Interferon-gamma release assays) Khushi Mawa: Group 2

2. IGRAS Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). surrogate markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection cannot distinguish between latent infection and active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and should not be used as a sole method for diagnosis of active TB, which is a microbiological diagnosis. - A positive IGRA result may not necessarily indicate active TB; however, a negative IGRA result rules out the possibility of both a ctive and latent tuberculosis.

3. QuantiFERON also known as QFT, is the registered trademark of the test for tuberculosis infection or latent tuberculosis. QFT is an interferon-y release assay (IGRA) used in tuberculosis diagnosis. QFT-GIT assay is an ELISA-based, whole-blood test that uses peptides from three TB antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10, and TB7.7) in an in-tube format. The result is reported as quantification of IN-gamma in international units (IU) per mL. An individual is considered positive for M. tuberculosis infection if the IFN-gamma response to TB antigens is above the test cut-off .

4. Advantages of QuantiFERON -TB Gold Requires a single patient visit to draw a blood sample. Results can be available within 24 hours. Is not affected by prior BCG (bacille Calmette-Guérin) v accination.

5. Disadvantages and limitation of QuontiFERON-TB Gold Blood samples must be processed within 12 hours after collection while white blood cells are still viable. T here is limited data on the use of QFT-G in children younger than 17 years of age, among persons recently exposed to M. tuberculosis, and in immunocompromised persons. Errors in collecting or transporting blood specimens or in r unning and interpreting the assay can decrease the accuracy of QFT-G. F alse positive results can occur with Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium marinum.

6. Tuberculin Skin Test Tuberculin skin tests (TST) are administered to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes t uberculosis (TB). The terms Mantoux, TB skin test, tuberculin skin test, and PPDs are often used interchangeably. Mantoux refers to the technique for administering the test. Tuberculin (also called purified protein derivative or PPD) is the solution used to administer the test.

7. Administration of Tuberculin skin test The TST is performed by injecting 0.1 ml of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) into the inner surface of the forearm. The injection should be made with a tuberculin syringe, with the needle bevel facing upward. The TST is an intradermal injection. When placed correctly, the injection should produce a pale elevation of the s kin (a wheal) 6 to 10 mm in diameter.

8. Reading of Tuberculin skin test The skin test reaction should be read between 48 and 72 hours after a dministration. A patient who does not return within 72 hours will need to be rescheduled for another skin test. The reaction should be measured in millimeters of the induration (palpable, r aised, hardened area or swelling).

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