II BIOTECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION II HISTORY II VARIOUS DISCIPLINES IN II

This Presentation Describes the Introduction, History, Scope , Types and Role of Biotechnology in Various Fields.

1. UNIT NO – 1 LECTURE NO -1 TOPIC – INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY BACHELOR OF PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BP- 605T MR. ARPIT GUPTA (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) (DR. RML INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY) 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

2. CONTENTS Introduction History Application of biotechnology Types of biotechnology Examples of Drug production by using biotechnology 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

3. BIOTECHNOLOGY Biotechnology is branch of science in which living things are used to make new products. It is the use of living organisms or processes to make products useful for mankind. Brewing and baking bread are examples of processes that fall within the concept of  biotechnology  (use of yeast i.e. living organism to produce the desired product). 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

4. Begin with the first action of human on life for his welfare It started when people modified microorganisms to the needs of humanity. In past biotechnologists used yeast cells to ferment alcoholic drinks and the bacteria to make cheese and yoghurt. HISTOR Y Term coined by a Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky Modern biotechnology started in California in 1970’s Before 1971, the term biotechnology was used primarily in food processing and agriculture industries. 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

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6. 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected] APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

7. Green biotechnology (agricultural applications) Red biotechnology (medical applications) Blue biotechnology (aquatic applications) White biotechnology (industrial applications) TYPES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

8. GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY : Green Biotechnology  is the use of genetically altered plants or animals to produce more environmentally-friendly farming solutions as an alternative to traditional agriculture, horticulture, and animal breeding processes. 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

9. Use of biotechnological techniques in agriculture Vitamin A deficiency is a serious problem and can cause blindness at a young age if left untreated Golden rice was genetically modified to produce beta-carotene (a precursor of vitamin A that the body converts to vitamin A). A diet including golden rice can thus help to raise vitamin A levels 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

10. WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY It is also called industrial biotechnology. It is the designing of an organism to produce useful chemicals i.e enzymes 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

11. The use of biological methods to optimize industrial processes Applied by manufacturers of laundry detergents Includes research for new enzymes (proteins that remove oily and protein-based stains) Enzymes that work under extreme conditions (wash temperatures of 20°C or 90°C) This often entails modifying the enzymes of microorganisms for these processes 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

12. RED BIOTECHNOLOGY This term is used in medical processes. It involves the manipulation of microorganisms to make products such as antibiotics. Red biotechnology(Bio-pharmaceutical) is a process that utilizes organisms to improve health care and help the body to fight diseases. It is a branch of modern biotechnology that is utilized in the field of medicine. Red biotechnology is not only limited to the pharmaceutical industry but also the medical sector as it facilitates the alleviation of human suffering and enhances the quality of life. 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

13. It includes: Production of medicines and pharmaceutical products for treating or diagnosing disorders Designing of organisms to manufacture antibiotics and vaccines Engineering of genetic defects through genomic manipulation Use in forensics through DNA profiling 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

14. USES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

15. DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINE With the help of biotechnology: Microorganisms can be used to make biological substances for humans which are equally effective as natural substances Microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast are used to make substances (produce drugs) like insulin and interferon Treatment of diseases like hepatitis and arthritis are made possible with the help of biotechnology Example- INSULIN: Human insulin is being produced using genetic engineering technique known as humulin and it is used for the treatment of diabetes that is low sugar level in the bloo d 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

16. 2 .Example- INTERFERON Interferon interfere in transmission of viral genome from one cell to another and it also inhibits the cell division of abnormal cells. Interferon produced using the recombinant DNA technology is used to treat cancer patients. Interferon improved the quality of life of cancer patients 3. Example-GENE THERAPY: Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. Gene therapy is a way to fix a genetic problem at its source. The polymers are either translated into protein, interfere with target gene expression, or possibly correct genetic mutations. 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

17. It involves the direct examination of DNA molecule of an organism. It is used for Newborn screening: Test for abnormal missing of gene product Carrier Testing: Test to avoid transfer of defective gene from parents to child Identity Testing Genetic disorder like Sickle cell anemia GENETIC TESTING 7599900257 AG PHARMACY [email protected]

18. THANK YOU Hello Friends If You Get any Help from this Notes/ Videos You Can Pay Your Fess or Contribute Some Amount to Our AG Pharmacy Family Name: Arpit Gupta https://youtube.com/@agpharmacy?si=kzzLm41L2ysLgARe YouTube – AG PHARMACY