II Ethics with respect to Science & Research.ppt

Ethics in Research

1. Ethics With Respect ToScience And Research
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Prince George Thomas
Research Scholar
(Reg.No.160/2022)
Rajagiri College of Social Sciences
Kakkanad
Kochi
Date: 30-03-2023

2. Ethics
•Greek word ‘ethos’ -character or conduct
•Philosophical study of morality
•Morality -‘good’ or ‘evil’
•Acceptable and unacceptable behavior or way of conducting a task
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3. •Study of goodness& right action
•Latin word ‘rectus’-‘straight’ or ‘according to rule’
•Rules are themeans
•An end or goal as well
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4. •Right(according to rule) is the mean of conduct
•Good -everything useful or serviceable for some purpose
•Ethics -end or goal of life
•‘Summum bonum’
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5. Normative science:
-what ought to be done rather than what is the case
-standard or norms decide right and wrong
Science of character:
-deals withjudgements about human conduct
-right is the basic concept
-act in accordance with laws
-laws are for the attainment of good
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6. Not a practical science:
-not realization of an end
-guides us to achieve a specific goal
-what the ultimate goal of life is?
-how this can be reached?
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7. Ethics is not an art:
Art
-depends upon result
-deals with acquisition of skill to
produce objects
-possession of skill is important
Ethics
-based on motive
-consists of goodness
-virtue implies activity
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8. Research
An inquiry:
-discovery and interpretation of facts
-revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts
-practical application of new or revised theories or laws
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9. Research Ethics
-Acceptable Vs.unacceptable way of conducting a task
-vary across countries, government, disciplines, institutions,
laboratories
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Ethics “Dumping”
-to circumvent the regulations, policies, or processes

10. Importance
-Promote knowledge and truth
-Promote trust, respect, and objectivity in a collaborative
work environment
-Help maintain the safety and interest of human and animal subjects
-Make researchers accountable for quality and outcome of research
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11. Ethics with respect to Science and Research
-duty to society;
-beneficence;
-conflict of interest;
-informed consent;
-integrity;
-nondiscrimination;
-non exploitation;
-privacy and confidentiality;
-professional competence;
-professional discipline
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12. •Duty to society;
-must contribute to the well-being of society
eg: Biological weapons
•Beneficence
-welfare of the research participant in mind
-benefits should outweigh the risks
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13. •Conflict of Interest
-minimize financial and other influences
-could bias research results
eg: free medical tests, publishing opportunities, professional
opportunities etc.
•Informed Consent
-voluntarily agree to participate
-understanding of the research and its risks
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14. •Integrity
-demonstrate honesty and truthfulness
-fabrication of data, falsify results, or omit relevant data
plagiarism
•Non discrimination
-minimize attempts to reduce benefits of research on specific groups
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15. •Nonexploitation
-should not exploit, or take unfair advantage of, research participants
-One population to benefit another
•Privacy and Confidentiality
-Participants control how others see, touch, or obtain their information
-Protect private information provided by participants from release
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Privacy paradox-high levels of interest in protecting personal information, yet freely give it
away

16. •Professional Competence
-engage only in work that one is qualified to perform
•Professional Discipline
-promoting ethical behaviors through practice, publishing and
communicating, mentoring and teaching
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17. Policy Makers
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Food and Drug Administration
Committee On
Publication Ethics

18. Codeof Ethics in Research
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19. Integrity:
-Promises and obligations of agreements
-Sincerity and consistency in actions and thoughts
Honesty:
-Research data, results, methods, procedures, and publication
status honestly
-Avoid falsification, fabrication, and misrepresentation of research
output
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20. Objectivity:
-Avoid bias in experiment/study design, data analysis, data
interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, and writing
-Disclose both personal and financial interests
Competence:
-Improve expertise
-Take effective steps to advance competence in thefield
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21. Carefulness:
-Maintain a record of research activities including data collection
and correspondences with journals
-Examine work thoroughly with peers
Openness:
-Share data, results, tools, resources, and ideas
Legality:
-Adhere to governmental and institutional laws/policies
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22. Confidentiality:
-Information such as patient records, trade or military secrets,
grant applications, papers submitted for publication
Non-discrimination:
-Based on gender, sex, ethnicity, race, or religion
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23. Respect for Intellectual Property:
-Plagiarism
-Credit the original author/creator
-Patent, copyright, trademarketc..
Responsible Publication:
-Avoid duplicate publication
Responsible Mentoring:
-Encourage, educate, mentor, and advise students
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24. Social Responsibility:
-Advocate and advance public interests and health through
research
Animal Care:
-Respect and care for animals
-Avoid bad study designs and experiments
Human Subjects Protection:
-Respect, confidentiality, welfare, and dignity in clinical studies
-Minimize any risk/harm.
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