IIOT_____Module_1_Industry 4.0_2025.pptx

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1. Module 1 : Introduction to Industry 4.0

2. Industrial Revolution

3. Phases of earlier 3 Industrial Revolutions 1760 to 1840 - Ushered in Mechanical production; railways and steam engine 1870 to 1940 - Mass production; electricity and assembly line 1960 to 2010 - Computers; semi conductors, main frame computing, personal devices, internet

4. Industrial Revolution

5. Did you know?

6. Building blocks of Industry 4.0

7. Environment impacts of Industrial revolution

8. Environment impacts of Industrial revolution

9. Industry 4.0 : Six Design Principles Interoperability : the ability of cyber-physical systems (i.e. work piece carriers, assembly stations and products), humans and Smart Factories to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services Decentralization : the ability of cyber-physical systems within Smart Factories to make decisions on their own Real-Time Capability : the capability to collect and analyze data and provide the insights immediately Service Orientation : offering of services (of cyber-physical systems , humans and Smart Factories) via the Internet of Services Modularity : flexible adaptation of Smart Factories for changing requirements of individual modules. Virtualization : a virtual copy of the Smart Factory which is created by linking sensor data (from monitoring physical processes) with virtual plant models and simulation models… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XAXKNcsb1M https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gK5sHDfBMP4 The real value of digital twin

10. Industrial Internet of Things ( IIoT )

11. OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) is a widely adopted standard in IIoT for connecting industrial equipment. A Siemens PLC and a Rockwell Automation system can exchange data efficiently because of this standard.

12. So, IIoT is the traditional automation with the help of standalone computers , computing devices and so on plus sensing , actuation , and decision making , in a connected manner .

13. https://ordr.net/article/iot-healthcare-examples

14. https://www.infosysbpm.com/blogs/sourcing-procurement/iot-in-mining.html

15. https://www.se.com/in/en/work/campaign/smart-factory/ How a 62 year old company becomes the worlds most advanced factories….

16. Industry 4.0: Cyber-Physical Systems What are Cyber-Physical Systems? Systems that combine computing, communication, and control capabilities with physical procedures and elements are known as cyber-physical systems (CPS).  ………Computational components are tightly integrated with the physical elements Few examples of CPS? Any advanced system that integrate  computational elements  with  physical processes … Also which has real time monitoring and IOT as key elements . For example: Industrial Control Systems Smart Grids (which fall under  smart infrastructure ) Autonomous Vehicles  (linked to  autonomous systems ) Manufacturing Healthcare Agriculture

17. Sensing Actuation

18. Features of Cyber -Physical Systems Reactive Computation: Interact with environment in an ongoing manner Sequence of observed inputs and outputs Concurrency: Multiple processes running concurrently Processes exchange information to achieve desired result Synchronous or asynchronous modes of operation Feedback Control of the Physical World: Equipped with control systems with feedback loop Sensors sense environment and Actuators influence it Hybrid control systems for complex tasks Real-Time Computation: Time sensitive operations such as coordination, resource-allocation Safety-Critical Applications: Precise modelling and validation prior to development

19. CPS Architecture for Industry 4.0   Designing CPS-based manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0 “5C architecture” comprising of 5-levels Connection Conversion Cyber Cognition Configuration

20. CPS Architecture for IIoT : Connection   Smart connections to ensure that accurate data is obtained from the IIoT devices Two factors to be considered: Obtaining seamless and tether-free data Selection of sensors with proper specifications CPS Architecture for IIoT : Conversion   Conversion of machine data to meaningful information Data analysis tools and methodologies to be developed for Prognostics and health monitoring of machine components Multi-dimensional data-correlation Machines become self-aware Refers to data that is accessible and usable wiothout being restricted to a specific physical location, device or wired connection

21. CPS Architecture for IIoT : Cyber Central information hub Gathers system information from fleet of machines Obtaining precise status information of individual machines Rating of performance of individual machines among fleet Predicting future behavior of machines based on historical data Utilize clustering for data mining Machines achieve self-comparison ability CPS Architecture for IIoT : Cognition Proper presentation of information to users for generating thorough knowledge of the system Collaborative diagnostics Decision making for: Prioritization Optimization processes

22. CPS Architecture for IIoT : Configuration   Supervisory control to determine actions to be taken by the machines: Self-configuration for resilience Self-adjustment for variations Self-optimization for disturbances Machines become self-adaptive

23. An interesting article to read… https://iot-analytics.com/iot-2024-review/

24. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in IIoT From the technological perspective, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are used in several contexts and sectors in Industry 4.0. AR and VR plays important role in the primary stages where optimization and productivity are important in manufacturing industry. The efficiency of warehouses are improved using various AR applications. AR and VR also plays an important role in safety training, thereby the potential safety hazards can be easily located. Use cases: Machining and production Education and collaboration Assembly Safety and security Digital prototyping Factory planning Maintenance and inspection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0_rjPz-w_s

25. Applications of Augmented Reality

26. Types of Augmented Reality Marker-Based Augmented Reality Markerless Augmented Reality Projection Based Augmented Reality Superimposition Based Augmented Reality

27. Marker-Based Augmented Reality Markerless Augmented Reality Projection Based Augmented Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOh-jkjaz-Y

28. Superimposition Based Augmented Reality

29. How do Augmented Reality works ?

30. Virtual Reality (VR) Virtual Reality is a mixture of interactive hardware and software based artificial e nvironment a realistic three-dimensional image is created presented to the user, in such a way so that they interacts with the real or physical world. Key Features of VR The key features of VR are: It creates and enhances an imaginary reality. It gives the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. It incorporates auditory and visual sensory feedback. It allows users to get naturally absorbed into the virtual environment .

31. Applications of Virtual Reality VR Headset Military Applications Key components of headsets: Sensors – Magnetometer, Accelerometer, and Gyroscope Lenses Display screens Processing unit

32. Types of Virtual Reality

33. How do Virtual Reality works ?

34. AR VR The system augments the real-world scene Completely immersive virtual environment In AR User always have a sense of presence in the real world In VR, visual senses are under control of the system AR is 25% virtual and 75% real VR is 75% virtual and 25% real This technology partially immerses the user into the action This technology fully immerses the user into the action AR requires upwards of 100 Mbps bandwidth VR requires at least a 50 Mbps connection No AR headset is needed. Some VR headset device is needed. With AR, end-users are still in touch with the real world while interacting with virtual objects nearer to them. By using VR technology, VR user is isolated from the real world and immerses himself in a completely fictional world. It is used to enhance both real and virtual worlds. It is used to enhance fictional reality for the gaming world.