Immunization pediatric topic presentation.pptx

Pediatric post graduate presentation

1. Immunization Arranged by PG 2 nd year Dr. Aye Myat Mon © to respectful owners

2. Outline of the presentation Different types of vaccine Routine immunization in Myanmar Details about specific vaccines Neuro vaccines Adolescent immunization AEFI

3. Different Types of Vaccine

4. Routine Immunization in Myanmar

5. Pertussis Vaccine

6. Japanese B Encephalitis Vaccine

7. Rabies Vaccine

8. Epidemiology Z oonotic disease Causal organisim - rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus Almost always fatal following the onset of clinical signs

9. Epidemiology Transmission - following a deep bite or scratch by an infected animal, usually via saliva Dogs are the main host and transmitter of rabies. They are the cause of human rabies deaths in Asia and Africa . Bats are the source of most human rabies deaths in the Americas Human-to-human transmissions through corneal tissue/ organ transplantation have been reported. Such transmission has occurred among recipients of transplanted corneas and recently among recipients of solid organs and one vascular tissue.

10. Incubation period - typically 2–3 months may vary from 1 week to 1 year, dependent upon factors such as the location of virus entry and viral load Initial symptoms - Fever with pain and unusual or unexplained tingling, pricking, or burning sensation ( paraesthesia ) at the wound site Two forms Furious rabies Paralytic rabies

11. Furious Rabies Hyperactivity , Excited behaviour Hydrophobia and sometimes aerophobia After a few days, death occurs by cardiorespiratory arrest Paralytic rabies 30% of the total number of human cases Longer course than the furious form Muscles gradually become paralyzed, starting at the site of the bite or scratch A coma slowly develops , and eventually death occurs.

12. Post exposure prophylaxis Thorough washing and flushing of the wound for approximately 15 minutes , with soap or detergent and copious amounts of water, is required, where available, an iodine-containing, or similarly viricidal , topical preparation should be applied to the wound. RIG should be administered for severe category III exposures Wounds should not be sutured as surgical manipulation can further traumatize the tissues and push the virus deeper

13. As in the case of severe facial bite, e.g. a torn pinna, nose or eyelid, RIG should be infiltrated and loose sutures may be applied Injection of Tetanus toxoid should be given to the un-immunized individual. Give tetanus toxoid series at the same time according to national immunization schedule To prevent sepsis in the wound, a suitable course of antibiotic ( amoxicillin or doxycycline ) should be given for at least 5 days. Post exposure prophylaxis

14. TCO = Tissue culture origin EEO = Embryonated Egg Origin

15. Human Rabies Immunoglobulin Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin

16. Pre-exposure vaccination is administered as one full dose of vaccine intramuscularly or 0.1 ml intradermally on days 0, 7 and either day 21 or 28. PrEP is especially recommended for the following: Laboratory staff handling the rabies virus and infected material Clinicians and nurses attending to human rabies cases Veterinarians Dog catchers Wildlife wardens

17. Neuro Vaccines

18. Adolescent Immunization

19. Adverse Events F ollowing Immunization

20. Thank You