IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS ORG.pptx

biophysics useful presentation for students ,it also helps in chemistry , biology cause its include biologial application of immunoelectrophoresis . Its very small but all useful points are included, students can simply presentb their ppt and can score a high grade .with lot of descibeble pictures also included in it.

1. IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS AND APPLICATION IN MEDICAL SCIENCE 1 JEFFRY ALLAN MATHEWS SHANA POLY

2. ELECTROPHORESIS Migration of charged solutes or particles in a liquid medium under the influence of an electric field. Ions that are suspended between 2 electrodes tend to travel towards the electrodes that bears opposite charge. IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS Immuno-electrophoresis refers to precipitation in agar under an electric field. It is a process of a combination of immuno-diffusion and electrophoresis. An antigen mixture is first separated into its component parts by electrophoresis and then tested by double immuno-diffusion 2

3. MEDICAL APPLICATION OF IMMUNOELECTROPHEROSIS -SERUM IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS TEST FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA Serum immune-electrophoresis is a lab test that measures proteins called immunoglobulins in the blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, which fight infection. There are many types of immunoglobulins that fight different types of infections.   3

4. MULTIPLE MYELOMA 4 Some immunoglobulins can be abnormal and may be due to cancer. Finding a monoclonal antibody in the blood may be the first step in diagnosing multiple myeloma .Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells that involves more than 10% of the bone marrow. It is a protype primary malignancy of the bone associated with malignant plasma cells that secrete monoclonal immunoglobulins into the serum, urine or both. This causes bone pain in chest or spine, fatigue, nausea, constipation, frequent infections, and weight loss. This abnormal protein is known by several different names, including monoclonal immunoglobulin, monoclonal protein (M protein), M spike, or paraprotein.

5. Sometimes pieces of the abnormal myeloma protein are filtered through the kidney into the urine. This urine protein, known as Bence Jones protein, is the part of the antibody called the light chain. The tests used for finding a monoclonal antibody in urine are called urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) . These are done most often on urine that has been collected over a 24-hour period, not just on a routine urine sample. 5

6. ROLE IN MONITOR TREATMENT The IEP-serum test can also be used to monitor treatment for autoimmune disorders or certain types of cancer. For example, if you’re being treated for multiple myeloma, your doctor will use the test to measure treatment success. Because the IEP-serum test measures the amount of proteins in your body, your doctor can determine if protein levels are increasing or decreasing. 6

7. TEST PROCESS 7 Electrophoresis is used to analyze the urine sample. In this process, a lab technician places the urine on a special type of paper and applies an electric current. This causes the two main types of protein to separate and create bands on the paper. A lab technician analyzes the bands to determine if the two proteins are present in the sample and, if so, how much of them there are.

8. ADVANTAGES As it combines the separation of antigens by electrophoresis with immunodiffusion against an antiserum. The Immunoelectrophoresis is a powerful analytical technique with high resolving power main advantage of immunoelectrophoresis is that a number of antigens can be identified in serum DISADVANTAGES Immunoelectrophoresis is slower, less sensitive, and more difficult to interpret than Immunofixation electrophoresis. IEP fails to detect some small monoclonal M-proteins because the most rapidly migrating immunoglobulins present in the highest concentrations may obscure the presence of small M-proteins. The use of immunoelectrophoresis in food analysis is limited by the availability of specific antibodies. 8

9. CONCLUSION In the medical field immunoelectrophoresis playing a great role in diagnostic part. Immunoelectrophoresis aids in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic response in many disease states affecting the immune system. It is usually requested when a different type of electrophoresis, called a serum protein electrophoresis, has indicated a rise at the immunoglobulin level. Immunoelectrophoresis is also used frequently to diagnose multiple myeloma, a disease affecting the bone marrow 9

10. REFERENCES :- Aoyagi K, Ashihara Y, Kasahara Y. Immunoassays and immunochemistry. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 44. Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Immunoelectrophoresis - serum and urine. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:673.  Lydyard, P.M., Whelan,A.,& Fanger,M.W. (2005).Immunology (2 ed.).London: BIOS Scientific Publishers Fischbach, Frances T.  A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests.  Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. Pagana, Kathleen D., and Timothy J. Pagana.  Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests.  St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc., 1999. THANK YOU! 10