Immunotherapeutics

Introduction to Immunotherapeutics
Cell mediated & humoral immunity, Immunosuppressants, Immunostimulants
Presented by
G. Sai Swetha
Department of Pharmacology

1. R I P E R A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR I M M U NO T H E R APE U T I CS A seminar as a part of curricular requirement for I year M. Pharm. I semester. Presented by G. Sai Swetha, (20L81S0103) M. Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 1 Under the guidance of Dr. K. Somasekhar, M. Pharm, Ph. D. Associate Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology.

2. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Introduction Cell mediated & humoral immunity Immunosuppressants Immunostimulants References Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 2 Contents

3. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Introduction Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 3 Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies. Immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.

4. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Cell Mediated Immunity Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 4

5. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Humoral Immunity Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 5

6. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Drugs act by Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 6 Interfering with cytokine production or action. By disruption of cell metabolism, preventing lymphocyte ce l l s u r f ac e proliferation. 3 . M o n o - a n d p o l y c l o n a l a n t i b od i e s t h a t b l o c k T - molecules. Immunosuppressants

7. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 7

8. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Classification Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 8

9. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Mechansim of Action Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 9

10. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Immunostimulants Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 10

11. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Congenitally acquired imunodeficiency diseases: X- linked agammaglobulinemia – a disease affecting males, that is characterized by a failure if immature B lymphocytes to mature into antibody producing plasma cells. DiGeorge’s syndrime- failure of thymus to develop,. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) – pegademase. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 11 Disorders of Immunity

12. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Specific immunostimulants They provide antigenic specificity in immune responses, such as vaccine or any antigen. Non- specific immunostimulants They act irrespective of antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulant components of immune system without antigenic specificity, such as adjuvant and non- specific immunostimulators. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 12 Classification

13. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Bacterial vaccines Colony stimulating factors Interferons Interleukins Therapeutic vaccines Vaccine combinations Viral vaccines Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 13 Types of Immunostimulants

14. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR They contain killed or attenuated bacteria that activates the immune system. Antibodies are built against that particular bacteria and prevents bacterial infection later. Eg. Tuberculosis vaccine – BCG vaccine is used in many countries with a high prevalance of TB to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease. Side effects: Antigenicity, anaphylactic reactions. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 14 Bacterial Vaccines

15. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR They are glycoproteins that promote production of WBC, in response to infection. Administration of exogenous colony stimulating factors stimulates the stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more of the particular WBC. Used in patients undergooing cancer chemotherapy- affected with neutropenia. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 15 Colony stimulating factors

16. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR They have immunomodulating and antiproliferative properties and inhibit the multiplication of many DNA & RNA viruses. ADR: myelosuppression, hypertension, arrythmias, alopecia, headache. Neurotoxicity resulting in confusion, sedation and rarely seizures. Used in chronic hepatitis B and C, Kaposi’ sarcoma in AIDS patients. Genetic warts caused by papilloma virus- interferons are injected into the lesion. Hairy cell leukemia, Rhinovirus cold- interferon alpha is given intranasally for prophylaxis. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 16 Interferons

17. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Intended to treat or cure a disorder or disease by stimulating the immune system. Used in certain types of cancer, by stimulating the body’s immune system to help it respond against certain cancer cell. They may also be used in the prevention of tuberculosis who are at high risk for exposure. Eg. ALVAC, Gardasil- HPV, CAR-T cell therapy etc. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 17 Therapeutic vaccines

18. RIPER A U T O N O M O US NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Peeter. J. Immunotherapeutics. MSD Manual. April 2020. M. Suthanthiran. Immunosuppressants: Cellular & molecular mechanism of action. NCBI. 1996; 28(2):159-72. Angel. A. Immunotherapy. NCBI. Dec 2020. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 18 R e f e r e n c es