Impact of thermal power plant on environment and its management

thermal power plant is the main source to produce the maximum electricity in India but mean while it is having certain disadvantages the disadvantages can also overcome by certain ash management steps

1. welcome
11

2. Impact of thermal power plant on environment
and its management
Course Teacher
Dr. Nimichandrappa
Guided By
Dr. B. S. Polisegowdar
Presented By
Sweta ID NO. PG14AEG6117
M. Tech (Soil and Water conservation engineering)
College of agricultural engineering,
University of agricultural sciences Raichur.
22

3. DirectoryDirectory
33

4. PrefacePreface
India is 10
th
economical country in the world and 2
nd
populated
country in the world with population of 1.3billion .
To fulfill the basic needs of the growing population there are three
basic resources air ,water & food are playing very important role,
other than this there is another resource electricity which is also
playing important role in the human life.
44

5. Thermal Power generating units are mega project, which require not
only huge capital investment but also various natural resources like,
fossil fuels and water, thus create an immeasurable & everlasting
impacts on the environment and generate tremendous stress in the
local eco-system.
Emission of SPM & RSPM disperse over 25 Kms radius land and
cause respiratory and related aliments to human beings and animal
kingdom.
Pokale et. al (2012)
55

6. Power generation in the world 2014Power generation in the world 2014
Country Generation GW
China 5,649,500
United State 4,297,300
India 1,208,400
World 23,536,500
source: World Development Indicators: Electricity production (2014)
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7. 13.91%
10.49%
8.37%
6.24%
6%
5.70%
5.53%
43.76%
Power generation in the country July 2015
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka
Remaining
Source: Energy policy of India (2015)
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8. Power Generation in Karnataka Power Generation in Karnataka
2015-16 2015-16
rank stationProductio
n MW
1 RTPS 1720.00
2 SGS 1035.00
3 BTPS 1000.00
Source: KPCL Projects (2015)
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9. Power generation by thermal power plant in Power generation by thermal power plant in
WORLDWORLD
Yao et al .(2015)
99

10. Power Generation By Thermal Power Plants In India July Power Generation By Thermal Power Plants In India July
2015 2015
Rank State Production MW Percentage
1. Maharashtra 28,145.20 14.68%
2. Gujarat 22,816.36 11.90%
3. Chhattisgarh 13,193.49 6.88%
16
th
position
Karnataka 6,642.88 3.46
Source: Energy policy of India (2015)
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11. Power generation by thermal power plants in Karnataka 2015-16
Rank DistrictProduction
MW
1 RTPS 1720
2 BTPS 1040
Source: KPCL Projects (2015)
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12. Working principal of thermal power plantWorking principal of thermal power plant
1212

13. Source: Indian power sector(2015)
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14. Fly ash production in the world
during 2013
Ahmad et al. (2014)
1414

15. 14.92%
11.90%
11.08%
9.46%
7.95%
7.53%
4.92%
4.68%
32.24%
Fly ash production in India 2012
1 Uttar Pradesh
2 West Bengal
3 Maharashtra
4 Andra Pradesh
5 Chattisgarh
6 Gujarat
7 Haryana
8 Karntaka
9 Other
1
2
3
5
4
6
7
8
9
Source: Ultra tech India (2013)
1515

16. Fly ash production in the state
STATION GENERATION
RTPS 7,476 t/d
BTPS 4,200 t/d
Source: IndiaStat (2014)
1616

17. Standards of central pollution control board (CPCB)
1717

18. CPCB MeasurementsCPCB Measurements
Sl.No.

Emission Parameters

Measurement Methods

1 Particulates

Gravimetric

2 SO
2

Barium Perchlorate- Thorin indicator method

3 NO
x

Non Dispersive Infra Red, Non Dispersive Ultra-violet
(for continuous measurement)


4 CO

Non Dispersive Infra Red

5 O
2
Paramagnetic, Electrochemical sensor

1818

19. Impact of thermal power plant on
environment

Thermal power plant impacts on air, water, Thermal power plant impacts on air, water,
soil, flora and fauna.soil, flora and fauna.
1919

20. 2020

21. Impact On Atmosphere
Power plant after combustion of the coal releases hazardous
gases in to the air
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22. Pollution load….Pollution load….
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23. 1. CO
2
Emission.
One MJof heat input produces 0.1 kg of co
2
 Increase in the temperature.
Increase in green house gases and global warming.
2. SO
2
Emission

During combustion S+ O
2
= S O
2
 Gases + so
2
forms = H
2
SO
4
lead to acid rain.
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24. Contd…Contd…
3. NOx Emission
 N + Ox.= NOx.
This is a hazardous pollutant creating visual and respiratory
problems.
4. SPM Emission
A small quantity still goes out through the stack .
The particles of size less than 2.5 microns
SPM damage the respiratory tract .
2424

25. Impact on LithosphereImpact on Lithosphere
Large area of land is required for coal based thermal power plant
559 ha area is required for dumping the ash of power plant with
capacity of 500MW.
 Due to the fly ash natural soil properties changes and becomes more
alkaline.
Sameer et al .(2013)
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26. Impact On Biosphere Impact On Biosphere
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27. Impact on AgricultureImpact on Agriculture
Fly ash is spread on the leaves of the plants
Sun light ↓↓ photosynthesis ↓
Enlarging of the leaves ↓↓
Choking of the stomata.
No gaseous exchange and respiration.
Release of Radon can damage the
cells and genetic analysis of the plant
Ahmad et al. (2014)
2727

28. Contd..Contd..
Pollination disruption. Effect on the bees, thrips
.
SO
2
↑↑ conductive fungal growth↑ ↑ Whitening of the flowers
2828

29. Reduction in the agricultural yields of (29 to 47% ) at Obra, Renekoot &
Singrauli area of Uttar Pradesh.
2929

30. 3030

31. 3131

32. Impact on the Human beingsImpact on the Human beings
Pollutant Effect
Carbon
monoxide
Brain, vision, blood
Mercury, leadNervous system
Nitrous oxideRespiration, visibility, immune system
Sulfur oxidesVisibility, natural waterways, respiration
Radon Respiration
80000 to 115000 deaths in 2011-12 due to thermal emission. 3232

33. 3333

34. High blood pressure
3434

35. 3535

36. Due to Radon 72 % people will die every year Due to Radon 72 % people will die every year
3636

37. to
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38. Impact on Hydrosphere Impact on Hydrosphere
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39. (16,000 – 28,000) lit/ hr of water is required power plant with
capacity of 500 Mw.
Ash pond decant contains harmful heavy metals like As, Be,
Hg.
Due to this the ground water gets polluted and becomes
unsuitable for domestic use
Choi et al.(2012)
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40. If hot water is releases in to the water source
 Difference in temperature between the feed channel and
return channel Should be 5ºC. If > 5ºC then causes
THERMAL SHOCK.
Decrease in oxygen level.
Ecological impact.
Increase in metabolic rate.
Mortality rate.
Affects the reproduction.
Migration.
Kane et al. (2012)
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41. 4141

42. Fly Ash ManagementFly Ash Management
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43. Source : ENVIS
4343

44. Uses of fly ash
Nawz (2013)
4444

45. Study of Environmental Impacts of the Barapukuria Thermal
Power Plant of Bangladesh
By
Mahadi Hasan Masud, MD. Nazmus Shakib & Md. Rokonuzzaman
Global Journal of Researches in EngineeringGlobal Journal of Researches in Engineering
Volume 14 Issue 1 Version Year 2014
Case study -I
4545

46. Introduction
Barapukuria power plant is a power station which follows the
Rankine cycle. Total electricity generation is 250MW.
Fly ash is one of the common residues produced from combustion
of coal. Due to continuous & long lasting emission of SOx ,
NOx, SPM & CO
2
which are the principal pollutants of coal
based plants.
pollutants are very largely distributed around radius of 25km.
cause respiratory and other health problems.
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47. Methodology Methodology
Fig.1. Methodological procedure
4747

48. Data collection Data collection
Table –1. Impact on health (degrees of responsive analysis).
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49. contd..
Table –3 Impact on agriculture production and atmosphere
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50. Analysis of the drained water
Water
parameters
concentration
Mn 0.26 mg/l
pH 7.4
SO
4
3.1 mg/l
NO
3
1.6 mg/l
Fe
3+
0.6 mg/l
All parameters are under limit except NO
3

Analysis
Analysis of the coalAnalysis of the coal

Coal consumption Coal consumption

Total for 2 units per day: 2400 M.tonTotal for 2 units per day: 2400 M.ton

Cooling water consumption/h: 800-1200 Cooling water consumption/h: 800-1200
mm
33
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51. Summarization of Impacts on EnvironmentSummarization of Impacts on Environment
Impact on health and atmosphere
population living within a 2-5 km radius of the plant suffers from
respiratory disorders.
The high amount of carbon dioxide emission from thermal power plants
contribute to global warming .
Impact on water
The water requirement for Barapukuria thermal power plant is 60 m
3
/hr for
each unit. Among these water 30 m
3
/hr is drained and rest of water is
recycling.
Ash pond decant contains harmful heavy metals like B, As, Hg cause
ground water pollution.
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52. :
Drain water disposal at Tilairiver from Barapukuria thermal power plant5252

53. Recommendations
Treating the water.
Using of Fly ash for different construction purposes.
Other source of water can be used than ground water.
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54. Conclusion
Emission of SOx, Nox and particulates matter cause adverse effect
on surrounding region.
Effect on the ground water , agriculture due to the lack of water
source.
Upper surface of land become more alkaline due to components of
fly ash.
Human health (14%) , agriculture and atmosphere (47.3% ) is
effected by Barapukuria thermal power plant.
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55. Impact of Coal Based Thermal Power Plant on Environment and its
Mitigation Measure
BY
Ahmad Shamshad, Fulekar M.H., and Pathak Bhawana
International Research Journal of Environment Sciences

Vol. 1(4), 60-64, November (2012)
Case study -II
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56. Introduction
Coal is the only natural resource and fossil fuel available in
abundance in India. In India more than 70% of the power produced
by the coal- based thermal power plants. Combustion of coal at
thermal power plants emits mainly CO2, SOx, Nox, CFCs ,SPM.
and GHGs.
Study area
School Of Environment And Sustainable Development,
Central University Of Gujarat Sector -30 Gandhinagar,
Gujarat, India.
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57. Problem associated due to fly ash
Due to the fly ash water source is effected.
Heavy metals can adversely affect the growth rate of major crops.
In India, presently coal based thermal power plants are releasing 105MT
of CCRs which possess major environmental problems.
In India most of the thermal power plants do not have the facility for
automatic dry ash collection system. .
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58. Chemical composition of fly ash
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59. Problems Associated With Radon
Radon is a colorless, odorless but noble gas, which is
radioactive released during the combustion of the coal will
effects health ,soil, water, vegetation.
It poses great health hazards not only to uranium miners but
also people living in normal houses and buildings and at work
place like coal mines, cement industry, thermal power plants
etc.
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60. Fly ash mitigation measures
Fly ash bricks:
Fly ash bricks have a number of advantages over the conventional burnt
clay bricks.
Six mechanized fly ash brick manufacturing units at Korba are producing
about 60000 bricks per day.
To give importance to ash brick manufacturing, Orissa Government in
India has banned the use of soil for the manufacture of bricks up to 20 km.
of a thermal power station.
Approximately 20-30% energy can be reduced by adding 25-40% fly ash.
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61. 6161

62. Fly ash in cement manufacture :
A cement technologist observed that the reactive elements present in fly ash
convert the problematic free lime into durable concrete.
Fly ash can substitute up to 66% of cement in the construction of dams.
Fly ash in R.C.C. is used not only for saving cement cost but also for
enhancing strength and durability.
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63. Fly ash-based ceramics: Fly ash-based ceramics:
Ceramic products with up to 50 % of mullite and 16 % of feldspars Ceramic products with up to 50 % of mullite and 16 % of feldspars
were obtained from binary mixtures of fly ash. ceramic properties such as were obtained from binary mixtures of fly ash. ceramic properties such as
colour, bulk density, water absorption and firing shrinkage were tested colour, bulk density, water absorption and firing shrinkage were tested
and good result is obtained.and good result is obtained.
(a) Mosaic tile (b) interlocking paver
a)
b)
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64. Fly ash as fertilizer:
Fly ash provides vital nutrients/minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mo, S and Se) to
crops ,vegetation.
It can be a soil modifier and enhance its moisture retaining capacity and
fertility.
The improvement in yield has been recorded with fly ash doses varying from
20 tone/ hectare to 100 tone / hectare .
On an average 20-30% yield increase has been observed.
(b)Reclamation of saline soils using
fly ash (75% savings in Gypsum)
(a) Cabbage at Dodhar, fly ash amended
soils
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65. Fly ash in road construction:
Dadri (U.P.) and Raichur (Karnataka) have been successfully completed the use
of fly ash in road /fly over embankment construction.
Construction of 1.9 km long, road embankment in New Delhi.
Guidelines have been prepared and approved by Indian Roads Congress (IRC)
as national standard.
Average Rs. 50 to 75 of earth work cost can be saved for 1m. by using fly ash.
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66. Nizammuddin Bridge approach road embankment at New Delhi
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67. Conclusion
Coal in India is of poor quality, with very high ash content and low
calorific value.
Utilization of huge amount of coal in thermal power plant has created
several adverse effects on environment leading to global climate change
and fly ash management problem.
It is advisable to explore all possible application for fly ash utilization.
Several efforts are needed to utilize fly ash for making bricks,
manufacturing of cement, ceramics etc.
The utilization of fly ash gives good result in almost every aspects
including good strength, economically feasible and environmental friendly.
6767

68. conclusion
Large amount of SOx, NOx & SPM are generated which damage the
environment and are highly responsible for deterioration of health of
human beings, animal kingdom as well as plants.
Emission of SPM & RSPM disperse over 25 Kms radius land and cause
respiratory and related aliments to human beings and animal kingdom.
Proper care and maintenance is taken to overcome the impact .
Utilization of fly for manufacturing works (bricks, cement, concrete, road
construction and for agricultural use)
Try for alternative method.
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69. 6969

70. ReferencesReferences
Ahmad, A., Shahnawaz, M., Siddiqui, F., and Khan, H, Z., 2014, A statistical review on the
current scenario of generation and utilization of fly-ash in India. Int. J. of current
Engg. Tech., (4)4: 2434-2438.
Ahmad, S., Fulekar, M. H., and Bhawana, P., 2012, Impact of coal based thermal power plant
on environment and its mitigation measure. Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(4): 60-64.
Choi, H. K., Kim, O. Y., and Lee, B. J., 2012, Thermal impacts of a coal power plant on the
plankton in an open coastal water environment. J. of Marine Sci. and Technology.,
20(2): 187-194.
Kane, A., Diagne., Diene., Tamba., Niang., and Sissoko., 2012, The thermal and mechanical
effects due to discharges of water from the steam thermal power plant on small fish and
mussels: the case of site of power génération at Cap Des Biches. Research J.of Envt.
and Earth Sci ., 4(7): 711-714.
 Masud, H. M., Shakib, N., and Rokonuzzaman., 2014., Study of environmental impacts of
the Barapukuria thermal power plant of Bangladesh. Global J. of Researches in Engg.,
4(1): 47-52.
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71. Nawaz., 2013, Disposal and utilization of fly ash to protect the environment. Int. J. of
Innovative Research in Sci. Engg. and Tech., 2(10): 259-5266.
Pokale, W. K., 2012., Effects of thermal power plant on environment. Sci. Revs. Chem.
Commun., 2(3): 212-215.
Sameer Kumar., Dhruv Katoria and Dhruv Sehgal., 2013, Environment impact assessment
of thermal power plant for sustainable development. Int. J of Envt. Engg. and Mang., 4
(6): 567-572.
Yao, Z. T., Ji, X. S., and Sarker, P. K., Tang, J. H., Ge, L. Q., Xia, M. S., Xi, Y. Q., 2015, A
comprehensive review on the applications of coal fly ash. Earth-Sci. Reviews., 141:
105–121.
Energy policy in India (2015).
IndiaStat (2014).
KPCL projects (2015).
Ultra tech India (2013).
World development indicators: Electricity production .

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72. Thank you…
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