Implantable drug delivery system

Implantable drug delivery systems are designed to be placed under the skin and
release drugs into the blood circulation without repetitive insertion of needles.
Therefore, IDDS is defined as “a sterile drug delivery device for subcutaneous
implantation having the ability to deliver drugs at a controlled rate over a
prolonged time period, comprising a rod -shaped polymeric inner matrix
with an elongated body and two ends”.

1. Implantable Drug Delivery System PAWAN TIKTE

2. Introduction Lafarge introduced the implantable system concept for sustained release drug administration in 1861. It was first introduced to produce steroid hormones - containing solid implants for long-term delivery. Implants are very small pellets composed of drug without excipients.

3. Definition..... Implants are small sterile solid masses consisting of a highly purified drug made by compression or moulding . Implants are DDS which provides CDDS over period of time at site of implantation. Implants are intended for implantation in the body’s subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue by a minor surgical incision or injected through a large bore needle.

4. Ideal Properties of an - IDDS Environmentally stable. Bio compatible. Easy to manufacture and sterilize. Enable rate controlled drug release. Relatively inexpensive. A good mechanical strength. Free from surgical procedure.

5. Advantages Controlled drug delivery for a longer period. Decrease frequency of dose. Avoid first pass metabolism. Minimize drug side effects. Improve drug stability and bioavailability.

6. Disadvantages Small surgery needed for large implantation and painful . Therapy cannot be discontinued easily. Bio compatabillity issue. Reaction between host and implants. Implants infection, inflammatory reactions. Device failure and implants dislocation.

7. The osmotic pumps can be implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally depending on the size of animal. For targeted drug delivery system , a catheter can be attached to th e osmotic pump to gain access to the tissues of interest. Subcutaneous implantation is technically the easiest and least intrusive procedure. Concepts of implants & osmotic pumps

8. The implantable osmotic pump employ osmotic gradient inside the lumen called the salt sleeve and the tissue condition in which the pump is implanted. A high osmalarity of the salt sleeve make water flow into the pump through a semipermeable film which encases the external surfaces of the pump Principle

9. Alzet osmotic pump

10. In cross section, the implantable osmotic release pump are composed of .. A drug core ( reserviour ) The diffusion agent The tissue layer ( rate controller) A flow moderator is inserted into the body of the diffusion pump. Apparatus and equipment

11. Main components of or implantable osmotic release pump include : drug compound ( water soluble / insoluble) Osmogens or osmotic agents ( ionic compound / inorganic salt A stable semipermeable membrane. Plasticizers. Flux regulators. Pore forming agent Coating solvents. Ex : alzet osmotic pump