IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES.pptx

Class 9 project on Food resources

1. IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES SUBMITTED BY- ISHITA TANWAR CLASS- IX-A ROLL NUMBER- 14

2. INTRODUCTION All living organisms need food. Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, which are require for body development, growth and health. Both plants and animals are major sources of food for living organisms. Most of this food is obtained from agriculture and animal husbandry. India is a very populous country. Our population is more than one billion people, and it is still growing. For this growing population, there will be need more than a quarter of a billion tons of grain every year. Efforts to meet the food demand by increasing food production have led to some successes so far, but natural resources are getting used more intensively. As the population is increasing and there is more pressure on the natural resources, there are chances of causing damage to the natural resources and destroying their balance completely. Hence there is need for improvement in food resources. To meet the requirement to feed billions of people .

3. IMPROVEMENT IN CROP YIELD Cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum provide carbohydrates for energy requirement. Vegetables, spices and fruits provide a range of vitamins and minerals in addition to small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. In India there has been a four times increase in the production of food grains from 1952 to 2010 with only 25% increase in the cultivable land area. Major group activities for improving crop yield are: 1. Crop variety improvement 2. Crop production improvement 3. Crop protection management

4. IMPROVEMENT IN CROP VARIETY AND PRODUCTION For new varieties of crops should be accepted, it is necessary that the variety of crop should produce high yields under different conditions which are found in different areas. Farmers need to be provided with good quality seeds of a particular variety, that is, the seeds should all be of the same variety and germinate under the same conditions. To increase production of crops farmers should be provided with high quality inputs and irrigation facilities. Production activities are at different levels which include: No cost production Low cost production High cost production

5. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Just as human beings need food for development, growth and well-being, plants also require nutrients for growth. Nutrients are supplied to plants by air, water and soil. Deficiency of nutrients affects physiological processes in plants including reproduction, growth and susceptibility to diseases. To increase the yield, the soil is be enriched by supplying these nutrients in the form of manure and fertilizers.

6. COMPARING MANURE AND FERTILIZER IN MAINTINING SOIL FERTILITY MANURE It is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung ,human waste and plant residue. It is prepared in fields. It provides a lot of humus to the soil. Less rich in plant nutrient. It causes no harm to the organisms and improves soil quality. FERTILIZER It is an inorganic salt used to increase crop yield. It is prepared in factories. It does not provide any humus to the soil. More rich in plant nutrient. It harms the organisms present in the soil and also causes health issues in people consuming the crop.

7. IRRIGATION Most agriculture in India is rain-fed, that is, the success of crops in most areas, but in some areas people are dependent on timely monsoon. The process of supplying water to crops time to time is called irrigation. To increase yield of crops many measures are used to bring more and more agricultural land under irrigation. India has a large variety of water resources these are: Wells Canals River lift systems Tanks

8. CROPPING PATTERN Different ways of growing crops can be used to give maximum benefit. Mixed cropping : growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land, this reduces risk and gives some insurance against failure of one of the crops. Inter cropping: Inter-cropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. Crop rotation : The growing of different crops on a piece of land in a pre-planned succession is know as crop rotation.

9. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock. It includes various aspects such as feeding, breeding and disease control. CATTLE FARMING : Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes— milk and draught labor for agricultural work such as tilling, irrigation and carting. The food requirements of dairy animals are of two types: 1. Maintenance requirement : which is the food required to support the animal to live a healthy life. 2. Milk producing requirement : which is the type of food required during the lactation period.

10. POULTRY FARMING : Poultry farming is undertaken to raise domestic fowl for egg production and chicken meat. Improved poultry breeds are developed and farmed to produce layers for eggs and broilers for meat. Broiler chickens are fed with vitamin-rich supplementary y feed for good growth rate and better feed efficiency. Daily food requirement for broilers is protein rich with adequate fat. For good production of poultry birds, good management practices are required. These are: 1. maintenance of temperature. 2. hygienic conditions in housing and poultry feed. 3. prevention and control of diseases and pests.

11. FISH PRODUCTION Fish is a cheap source of animal protein for our food. Fish production includes the finned true fish as well as shellfish such as prawns and Mollusca. There are two ways of obtaining fish : 1. From natural resources, which is called capture fishing. 2. Fish farming, which is called culture fishery. MARINE FISHERIES India’s marine fishery resources include 7500 km of coastline and the deep seas beyond it. Fish yields are increased by locating large schools of fish in the open sea using satellites and echo-sounders.

12. Some marine fish of high economic value are also farmed in seawater. This includes finned fishes like mullets, bhetki, and pearl spots, shellfish such as prawns As marine fish stocks get further depleted, the demand for more fish can only be met by such culture fisheries, a practice called mariculture. INLAND FISHERIES Brackish water resources, where seawater and fresh water mix together, such as estuaries and lagoons are important fish reservoirs. Capturing fish in inland water bodies, the yield is not high. Most fish production from these resources is through aquaculture. One problem with fish culture is that many of these fish breed only during monsoon. Even if fish seed is collected from the wild, it can be mixed with that of other species as well. To overcome this problem, ways have now been worked out to breed these fish in ponds using hormonal stimulation

13. BEE KEEPING Honey is widely used and therefore beekeeping for making honey has become an agricultural enterprise. Bee-keeping needs low investments, farmers use it as an additional income generating activity. Italian bees have high honey collection capacity. They stay in a given beehive for long periods, and breed very well. Honey value and quality depends upon the pasturage, or the flowers available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection.

14. THANK YOU