Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in Indonesia

Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably

1. Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in Indonesia (Peat-IMPACTS Indonesia) Sonya Dewi and Peat-IMPACTS team

2. Background From the total peatland area of approximately 14.8 million ha, 6.8 million ha is still intact, 3.9 million ha degraded, and 3.4 million ha are used for agricultural or forestry production purposes (Wahyunto et al 2014); Recurrrent peat and forest fires have immediate and long-term impacts on the environment and health prompting calls for action; Presidential Decree 1/2016 and then 120/2020 on BRG/M aims to continue to address this by speeding peat and mangrove restoration and management in 2021-2025 through better coordination across government bodies; Rewetting infrastructure has been starting in 2017 for the priority areas in Sumatra and Kalimantan. In these areas, production is to be retained for the sustainability of farmers’ livelihoods through improved paludicultural management; Current management, including markets and supply chains, is insufficient. Options for native tree species that can be cultivated without drainage while at the same time having a well-established market are very scarce; FOLU Net sink 2030 and enhanced NDC explicitly address peatland restoration and management as priorities;

3. Recent update Peat restoration is one of the priority interventions within the National Long Term (2025-2045) and Mid Term (2025-2045) Development Plans to achieve key performance indicators of GHG emission reduction. It also constitutes the policy direction to achieve cultural, social, and ecological resilience and transformation; Indonesia received USD 103.78 million from the Green Climate Fund through the REDD+ Result-based Payment scheme for 25 million tCO2eq emission reduction and an additional 2.5% payment for non-carbon benefits. Peatland restoration is one of the activities to reduce emissions; The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) has refined the methodology for calculating emission reduction that is resulted from avoiding peatland deforestation and degradation, peatland restoration, and improvement of water management through Decree No. 30 of 2023; The MoEF has issued Regulation No. 7 of 2023 concerning Procedures for Carbon Trading in the Forestry Sector in forested and non-forested peatlands.

4. Indonesia reaches its NDC target, reducing emissions from peat fire and drainage through up-scaled sustainable peat management and restoration by 1) good peat landscape governance within broader jurisdictional contexts, including a well-managed green-growth plan; 2) higher capacity of peat farmers to produce sustainable supply chains and strong partnerships between farmers and private stakeholders; 3) fair and effective climate governance through co-investment mechanisms ; 4) available knowledge on green/sustainable peat restoration and management practices that embraces options by context. Evidence-based peatland management and restoration plans of Peat Hydrological Units Saleh-Sugihan and Sugihan-Sungai Lumpur (Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatera Province) and Sungai Kapuas–Sungai Simpang Kanan and Sungai Kapuas-Sungai Durian (Kubu Raya Districts, West Kalimantan Province) are effectively and collaboratively implemented at site level in synergy with low carbon development/green growth planning at the jurisdictional level, up-scalable to national level Peat- IMPACTS Impact Outcome

5. PHU Saleh-Sugihan, and PHU Sugihan-Sungai Lumpur (Ogan Komering Ilir and Banyuasin districts, South Sumatra province) Geographical Area OKI and Banyuasin Kubu Raya PHU Sungai Kapuas–Sungai Ambawang, dan PHU Sungai Terentang – Sungai Kapuas (Kubu Raya district, West Kalimantan Province)

6. Leveraging landscape approach through innovative financing (province level) Multiple options for Policy and program interventions, partnerships with private sectors – restoration, PES, REDD+, adaptation Evidence-based, nested approach of road mapping of  fire-free, peat restoration and sustainable management (PHU level) Diagnosis of land-use types and changes, drivers, sources of livelihoods,  tenurial setup, institutional capacity, capacities of women and marginalized groups,  value chains and markets Technical method and results to reduce uncertainties of emission estimation from peat drainage and fire, and emission reduction from peat rewetting Mainstreaming SPM planning into jurisdictional development and spatial planning (district level) Evidence-based planning of SPM as part of development and spatial planning LUMENS tool for SPM planning, using best data to simulate scenarios and analyze tradeoffs among social, economic and environmental indicators Piloting CLA and business models based on SPM (site level) Capacity of farmers to practice paludiculture and agroforestry; Collaboration between local govt, NGOs, private sector and farmers FORDA Technology Value Chains Public-private partnership Education, knowledge and public participation (national and sub-national levels) Knowledge Policies Adoption - impacts Capacities in peatland emission accounting (national level) Accounting Reporting Verification

7. Leveraging landscape approach through innovative financing (province level) Evidence-based, nested approach of road mapping of  fire-free, peat restoration and sustainable management (PHU level) Mainstreaming SPM planning into jurisdictional development and spatial planning (district level) Piloting Conservation-Livelihoods Agreement and business models based on SPM (site level) Education, knowledge and public participation (national and sub-national levels) Capacities in peatland emission accounting (national level)

8. Diagnostic, co-designing, planning, investment, policy and monitoring tools ALLIR (Assessment of Livelihood and Landscape to Increase Resilience) Co-designing and partnership agreement: business model development Typology in pilot selection as an extrapolation tool Informed and integrated planning: LUMENS and Peat module on ground-water-level dynamics Intervention map as an investment tool Policy mainstreaming: Strategic environmental assessment for spatial and development plans, development plan, peat management Dashboard and Information system as a monitoring platform, Water Table Dynamics (WTD)

9. Leveraging landscape approach through innovative financing (province level) Evidence-based, nested approach of road mapping of  fire-free, peat restoration and sustainable management (PHU level) Mainstreaming SPM planning into jurisdictional development and spatial planning (district level) Piloting Conservation-Livelihoods Agreement and business models based on SPM (site level) Education, knowledge and public participation (national and sub-national levels) Capacities in peatland emission accounting (national level) Intervention Maps Business model, CLA LUMENS-WTD ALLIR Guideline, standard

10. Leveraging landscape approach through innovative financing (province level) Evidence-based, nested approach of road mapping of  fire-free, peat restoration and sustainable management (PHU level) Mainstreaming SPM planning into jurisdictional development and spatial planning (district level) Piloting Conservation-Livelihoods Agreement and business models based on SPM (site level) Education, knowledge and public participation (national and sub-national levels) Capacities in peatland emission accounting (national level) ALLIR

11. Village - landscape level Village – landscape province - national - global Village - province –farming systems - commodities Village - community groups - households Community groups - Household – village - landscape Platform: Livelihood Capitals Access Livelihood Strategies Contexts Supporting services Enabling factors & Polices Livelihood Outcomes all within PHU assessment village pilot villages Assessment of Landscapes and Livelihoods to Increase Resilience (ALLIR) Village – community groups

12. 34 vilages in two districts in South Sumatra 27 villages in one district in West Kalimantan Road maps to Sustainable Peat Villages (Pegari)

13. Leveraging landscape approach through innovative financing (province level) Evidence-based, nested approach of road mapping of  fire-free, peat restoration and sustainable management (PHU level) Mainstreaming SPM planning into jurisdictional development and spatial planning (district level) Piloting Conservation-Livelihoods Agreement and business models based on SPM (site level) Education, knowledge and public participation (national and sub-national levels) Capacities in peatland emission accounting (national level) LUMENS-WTD

14. empower multi-stakeholders in the negotiation processes that are inclusive, integrated and informed in planning land uses for sustainable landscapes that improve livelihoods and economic development while maintaining and restoring services of diverse ecosystems INCLUSIVE Inclusiveness in any land-based related activities should embrace multiple stakeholder groups in diagnosis and intervention option identification INFORMED Ensures that land-based-related planning decisions are made based on knowledge that comes from data, information, and the understanding of processes and functions that are contextual. INTEGRATIVE Underlines the importance of having synergized processes and aligned objectives across conservation, development, and spatial land-use planning. Objective & Principles LUMENS (Land-Use planning for multiple environmental services)

15. Couple Regional Economics of Input-Output model with spatially-explicit land-use and land-use change models The two models are linked by land requirement coefficient and land distribution matrix Projection of land uses and land-use changes is made through driving factor modelling, taking into account institutional layer as planning unit on each policy scenarios Estimation of C-stock dynamics (GHG emission), hydrological function of watershed and biodiversity (habitat loss and fragmentation) as ex-ante impacts are conducted on the projected land uses and land-use changes Technical basis

16. Land-use Change model Planning unit: function allocation, permit Land requirement, land-use distribution 2024 2019 Biodiversity, hydrological function, emission-sequestration of FOLU Green Growth with SPM I-O table Ecological models Powered by

17. Water table dynamics module: Canal Blocking simulation at landscape scale Urzainki, I., Laurén, A., Palviainen, M., Haahti, K., Budiman, A., Basuki, I., Netzer, M. and Hökkä, H., 2020. Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands.  Biogeosciences ,  17 (19), pp.4769-4784.

18. WTD module: Canal Blocking simulation at landscape scale Water table depth (m)

19. Leveraging landscape approach through innovative financing (province level) Evidence-based, nested approach of road mapping of  fire-free, peat restoration and sustainable management (PHU level) Mainstreaming SPM planning into jurisdictional development and spatial planning (district level) Piloting Conservation-Livelihoods Agreement and business models based on SPM (site level) Education, knowledge and public participation (national and sub-national levels) Capacities in peatland emission accounting (national level) FGD, GG-WG, negotiation, mainstreaming Incubation IPMG Dialogues ToT, demoplot, CL-WG Consultation of Pegari, registration Training, workshop CoP, WikiGambut, Local curricula

20. Stakeholders of peatland management and restoration, who interact vertically and horizontally within specific power relations, are the agents of change that can foster transformation toward Sustainable Peatland Management in Indonesia; They need to: Be equipped with the right tools; Have their capacity increased through a development strategy that meets the needs of specific stakeholder groups; Engage in negotiating/co-developing/co-designing policies, plans, intervention options, business models, Conservation-Livelihood agreements Conclusions

21. Thank you very much