inbound5766434993541334275.pptx nursing informatics

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1. NURSING INFORMATICS REPORTING

2. TOPICS: 1. Overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare Definition and Concept of loT History and Evolution of IoT in Healthcare Importance and Benefits of IoT in Healthcare 2 . IoT Devices and Technologies in Healthcare Wearable Devices Remote Patient Monitoring Systems Smart Medical Devices Connected Imaging Devices 3. Components of loT IoT Devices and Sensors Communication Networks and Protocols Data Storage and Cloud Computing IoT Platforms and Software 4. Applications of loT Smart Homes and Buildings Industrial IoT ( IIoT ) and Manufacturing Transportation and Smart Cities Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring 5. Challenges in loT Implementation Security Concerns and Threats Interoperability and Standardization Scalability and Infrastructure Regulatory and Compliance Issues 6 . Future Trends and Innovations in loT Advancements in IoT Technology Integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI) Sustainable and Green IoT Solutions

3. Introduction to the Internet of Things Reporters: Introduction to the Internet of Things

4. IN OUR PPT, STAND UP IMMEDIATELY FOR STARS LIKE THIS, AND IF SOMEONE IS UNABLE TO STAND UP, THEY CAN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT PROVIDED. BUT IF YOU KNOW THE ANSWER FEEL FREE TO PARTICIPATE. GOODLUCK!

5. Reporters: Gaddi, Rhea Mae Y. Humawan , Rica Julie V. Bohol, Marivic L. Corton, John Rey A. Introduction to the Internet of Things Instructor: JOHN CARLO F. ROTILLES

6. Introduction to the Internet of Things Internet of Things (IoT) was introduced by Kevin Ashton in 1999 in the field of supply chain (Ashton, 2009), but since then the term has been applied in many other domains and used in a wider sense, referring to interconnected devices which can obtain and share information across platforms, providing added value to innovative applications. 

7. Overview of IoT in Healthcare Extensive research has been dedicated to the exploration of various technologies such as information technologies (IT) in complementing and strengthening existing  healthcare services . In particular, the  Internet of Things  (IoT) has been widely applied to interconnect available medical resources and provide reliable, effective and  smart healthcare  service to the elderly and patients with a chronic illness.

8. Definition & Concept IoT (Internet of Things) refers to a network of connected devices that collect, send, and receive data. In healthcare, IoT enables remote monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment by tracking health metrics like heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels. History & Evolution Early 2000s: IoT in healthcare began with basic devices for remote monitoring. Advancements in technology, cloud computing, and 5G networks have made IoT devices more sensor sophisticated. IoT is now widely used in patient monitoring, hospital asset management, medication management, and improving operational efficiency.

9. History & Evolution

10. Importance & Benefits: Improved Patient Monitoring & Care Real-time data from devices like wearables allows proactive care, early intervention, and better management of chronic diseases.

11. Importance & Benefits: Cost Efficiency & Resource Optimization Remote monitoring reduces hospital visits and readmissions, helping lower healthcare costs. Optimizes resource management, including equipment tracking and staff allocation.

12. Importance & Benefits: Enhanced Decision-Making & Personalized Treatment Continuous data collection helps create accurate, personalized treatment plans. Machine learning analyzes trends for better predictive decision-making.

13. Importance & Benefits: Better Access to Healthcare Services IoT enables remote healthcare, especially beneficial for rural or underserved areas. Telemedicine combined with IoT enhances accessibility and reduces facility burden.

14. The IoT Devices and Technologies in Healthcare covers also a huge number of applications, including healthcare, automotive, utilities, smart cities, wearables, smart homes, and smart farming. Numerous research projects, enterprises, and businesses are currently engaged in the creation of various IoT features to accommodate the growing evolving needs that emerge with such rapid development. IoT Devices and Technologies in Healthcare

15. Wearable Devices is emerging interest due to their potential influence in certain aspects of modern healthcare practices, most notably in delivering point of care service, by providing remote monitoring, ambulatory monitoring within the healthcare environment, and support for rehabilitating patients, the chronically ill and the disabled. Other devices are designed as supporting tools for doctors within the healthcare environment, such as for monitoring patients during surgery or for keeping electronic patient records. for example:

16. for example: Remote Patient Monitoring Systems advantages of real-time detection of illness and the ability to monitor patients’ health conditions constantly. w hen untimely deaths are detected, emergency measures should be taken.

17. What year of IoT in healthcare began with basic devices for remote monitoring?

18. 2000’s

19. for example: Smart medical devices significantly transform healthcare, enhancing patient care, management, disease prevention, and treatment, while enhancing the medical experience and indicating the future of medicine.

20. for example: Connected Imaging Devices By making it easier to take, save, and share medical images, wireless digital cameras and camcorders improve clinical processes and decision-making in the healthcare industry.

21. Components of Iot   refers to the different parts  that make up an Internet of Things  system, typically including sensors, connectivity modules (like wifi or Bluetooth) data processing units, actuators, gateways, and a cloud platform which work together to collect, transmit, analyze, and act upon data from connected devices.

22. Iot Devices and Sensors   Devices and sensors are essential components of the Internet of Things (IoT), as they collect data and interact with the physical environment. They collect vital data, ranging from rudimentary temperature and humidity sensors to advanced gadgets such as smartwatches and industrial machines. These devices are equipped with sensors, actuators, and transmission modules, which enable them to gather and transmit data to other components. 

23. Iot Communication Protocols are the rules and Iot standards that allow Internet of Things devices to communicate with each other and with other systems (e.g., cloud servers, applications).  These Iot Protocols govern how data is transmitted, received and interpreted between devices. They also enable crucial role in enabling seamless data exchange across a wide range of Iot devices and platforms.  Communication Network refers to the system of interconnected devices, utilizing specific protocols like MQTT, Zigbee, LoRaWAN , Bluetooth, or cellular networks, that allows IoT devices to exchange data with each other and with a central server, facilitating communication between various "things" across a network, often with considerations for power consumption, range, and data rate depending on the application.  Communication Networks and Protocols

24. Different types of Communication Protocols :   Physical and Data Link Layer Protocol  These IoT messaging protocols define how devices connect and transmit data over a physical medium, dealing with hardware aspects like radio frequencies, signal modulation, and error detection.  Bluetooth / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)  Common in short-range IoT applications like wearables, smart home devices, and healthcare.

25. Different types of Communication Protocols :   I EEE 802.15.4 The basis of several IoT protocols, including Zigbee and Thread, suitable for low-power, low-data rate communication in mesh networks.  Z igbee Widely used for smart home automation and industrial monitoring. 

26. Different types of Communication Protocols :   Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) Offers high-speed communication but requires more power, making it suitable for IoT devices with continuous power sources (e.g., smart cameras, appliances).  Z-Wave Popular for smart home devices, providing low-power, short-range wireless communication .  

27. It is the emerging interest due to their potential influence in certain aspects of modern healthcare practices, most notably in delivering point of care service, by providing remote monitoring, ambulatory monitoring within the healthcare environment, and support for rehabilitating patients, the chronically ill and the disabled.

28. Wearable Devices

29. Different types of Communication Protocols :   LoRa (Long Range) Used in LoRaWAN networks for long-range, low-power communication, ideal for applications like smart agriculture and environmental monitoring. NFC (Near Field Communication) Used for very short-range communication, often in payment systems and access control . 

30. Different types of Communication Protocols Network Layer Protocols   These IoT network protocols handle routing and forwarding data across networks, ensuring data packets are directed to the correct destination.  IPv6  The primary protocol for IP addressing in IoT, supports a vast number of devices with unique IP addresses. 

31. Different types of Communication Protocols :   RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)  Specifically designed for routing data in low- power IoT networks, commonly used in smart grid and smart city applications.  6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks)  Adaptation of IPv6 for low-power, low-data rate devices, enabling them to connect to the internet over IEEE 802.15.4 networks (used in Zigbee and Thread networks). 

32. Different types of Communication Protocols :   UDP (User Datagram Protocol)  Offers a connectionless, low-latency communication method, suitable for applications where speed is prioritized over reliability, such as sensor data transmission in smart agriculture.  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)  Provides reliable, connection-oriented communication, often used in applications requiring error-free data transfer, like smart cameras or health monitors. 

33. Different types of Communication Protocols :   DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)  Provides security for UDP communications, ensuring data integrity and privacy in applications like CoAP-based IoT communication networks.    Application Layer Protocols  These communication protocols in Iot are designed for specific Iot data exchange needs, enabling communication between devices , applications and cloud services.  

34. Different types of Communication Protocols :   MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)  A lightweight, publish/subscribe protocol suitable for low-bandwidth, high-latency networks, commonly used in smart homes, industrial automation, and connected vehicles. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) Designed for resource-constrained devices, using a request/response model similar to HTTP but optimized for low-power, lossy networks. Common in smart city and building automation applications. 

35. What is MQTT, and why is it commonly used in IoT applications?

36. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth, high-latency networks, making it ideal for IoT applications. It enables efficient communication between devices by using a publish/subscribe model, allowing for real-time data exchange with minimal overhead.

37. Different types of Communication Protocols :   HTTP/HTTPS    Used for communication between IoT devices and cloud services, suitable for applications with sufficient bandwidth and power (e.g., smart appliances, web-based IoT dashboards).  AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) Used in scenarios requiring secure, reliable communication, like financial transactions or industrial IoT.

38. Different types of Communication Protocols :   DDS (Data Distribution Service) Suitable for real-time, scalable IoT applications, such as autonomous Vehicles, robotics, and industrial control systems.  WebSocket  Enables full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, suitable for real-time communication between IoT devices and web applications. 

39. Data Storage and Cloud Computing  Cloud computing is essential for IoT since it provides scalable computing resources and storage capacities necessary to handle the large amount of data produced by IoT devices. Cloud systems simplify the process of adding new users, overseeing operations, and accessing data from a distance, making deployment and operations more efficient.  IoT data storage refers to capturing, managing, and storing the data generated by IoT devices. These devices, ranging from sensors and actuators to smartphones and wearables, continuously produce data streams containing valuable insights about the physical world. 

40. Examples of cloud computing services: Google Docs., Microsoft 365: users can access their documents from any device with an internet connection.   Dropbox: users can store and access files online from any device.   Zoom: a cloud-based platform for video conferencing that records meetings and saves them to the cloud.   Microsoft Azure: a cloud computing platform that offers services like computing, analytics, storage, and networking.

41. 3 Segments of IoT  1. Hot Storage Data  Hot storage serves as the go-to destination for frequently accessed and mission-critical data that demands swift retrieval. Think of it as the fast lane of data storage, tailored for scenarios where time is of the essence.  Example: Industries relying on real-time data processing and rapid response times, such as video editing, web content, and application development, find hot storage to be indispensable.  2. Warm Storage Data   Warm data storage is a type of data storage that stores data that is accessed less frequently than hot data, but more frequently the cold data. It’s used for data that is older and less relevant, but still need to be accessible from time to time.  3. Cold Storage Data  Cold Storage Data catering to information accessed infrequently and without the urgency of hot data. Cold storage houses data that might remain dormant for extended periods, months, years, decades, or maybe forever.   Examples: might include old projects or records mandated for financial, legal, HR, or other business record-keeping requirements. 

42. 5 IoT Data Security threats for IoT Data Storage 1. UNAUTHORIZED DATA: Unauthorized access occurs when someone gains entry to a system, application, or data without permission.  2. DATA BREACH: These incidents can be through a multitude of ways, like cyber attacks, insider threat, etc. Human error or vulnerabilities of the systems or software could also be the source of these breaches .  3. MALWARE ATTACKS: Malware attacks are carried out by means of introducing malicious software that aims at violating the system, deceiving users or inflicting loss on devices and networks. The types of malware include viruses and worms which perform different tasks; trojans; ransomware; spyware, or advertising malware which also have different objectives.  4. LACK OF ENCRYPTION: The lack of cryptography is associated with the absence of security in regard to personal information encryption both during the transfer and storage, which leads to interception and unauthorized access to the data.  5. DATA INTERCEPTION: refers to the unauthorized capture or monitoring of transmitted data over a network or communication channel. 

43. Iot device management    Providers often use specialized IoT software, which can be their own custom solutions or licensed platforms, to gather data from devices effectively.  Cloud storage    The cloud storage system is widely adopted for IoT data due to its compact hardware requirements and minimal maintenance needs post-setup.  Four Data Storage Solutions    Iot analytic solutions    Analytics applications extract valuable insights from IoT data, facilitating improved performance, enhanced security, and optimized energy efficiency.  Hybrid cloud storing   Hybrid cloud systems can be likened to hybrid cars, as they offer the best of both worlds: internet connectivity for scalability and accessibility, combined with localized data storage and security 

44. What are the three segments of IoT ?

45. Hot Storage Data Warm Storage Data Cold Storage Data 

46. Iot Platforms and Software        Platforms and Software typically provide capabilities like device registration, data ingestion, data processing, real-time analytics, visualization dashboards, and application development tools to manage and extract insights from data generated by connected devices.   

47. 1. 2. 3. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Iot Core a comprehensive IoT service from Amazon Web Services offering secure device management, data processing, and integration with other AWS services.  Microsoft Azure Iot platform offers ready-to-use tools, facilities, and models to develop the apps accordingly.  IBM Watson Iot IBM’s IoT platform known for its advanced analytics and integration with Watson AI services, often used in industrial applications. Examples of popular Iot Platforms:      

48. The Internet of Things has many applications, including in healthcare , agriculture, transportation, and more. Iot is transforming how people work and live by improving efficiency, automation, and connectivity.  Application of Iot  

49. Topics for IoT Applications:

50. The concept of smart homes and buildings has become a reality with Iot . Iot applications in smart homes and buildings allow homeowners to control and  supervise various aspects of their living spaces, including lighting, security, climate control, and appliance management through their smart devices. This results in a more convenient and comfortable living experience and substantial savings in terms of time and energy.  Example: Smart door access control system, Smart lightning for home and office, smart thermostat and humidity controllers, smoke and fire sensors.  Smart Homes and Buildings

51. The manufacturing industry is one of the early adopters of the Internet of Things which entirely changed several stages of a product development cycle. Industrial IoT will help optimize various stages of product manufacturing, such as:  Industrial Iot ( IIot ) and Manufacturing Monitoring of supply chain and inventory management  Optimization in product development  Automate mass production processes  Quality testing and product improvement   Improves packaging and management   Process optimization using data collected from a huge number of sensor networks. Cost-effective solution for the overall management of factories. Example:  Smart robotics, autonomous vehicles. 

52. One of the most significant applications of Internet of Things is smart city, which ensure efficient energy management, optimized traffic management, waste management and pollution control etc.  Example: Traffic management (traffic lights), smart lighting on streets, pollution monitoring and reporting, smart parking solutions.  Transportation and Smart Cities

53. Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring   There are a lot of challenges in the agriculture and farming industry to produce more crops and vegetables to feed the increasing human population. The Internet of Things can assist farmers and researchers in this area in finding more optimized and cost-effective ways to increase production.  Environmental monitoring is the consistent collection of measurements and data from our physical environment, using sensors and connected devices. Sensors embedded in irrigation systems, pipelines, tanks, weather stations, oceanic applications, and industrial equipment anywhere on the planet can detect temperature, moisture, water levels, leaks, and other physical properties. These monitoring systems can be programmed to detect abnormalities or specific conditions, then trigger alerts via email or text, as well as automated processes.  Agriculture smart farming  Environmental m onitoring

54. What are some common applications of IoT in everyday life?

55. Common applications of IoT in everyday life include smart home devices like thermostats and security cameras, wearable health monitors that track fitness and vital signs, smart agriculture systems that optimize crop management, and connected vehicles that enhance navigation and safety features.

56. Challenges in loT Implementation IoT implementation faces security, privacy, integration, compatibility issues, and lack of standardization, hindering effective deployment and management due to device compatibility issues.

57. Security Concerns and Threats A security threat is a malicious act that aims to corrupt or steal data or disrupt an organization's systems or the entire organization. A security event refers to an occurrence during which company data or its network may have been exposed. And an event that results in a data or network breach is called a security incident

58. Below are the top 10 types of information security threats that IT teams need to know: Malicious - software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system. This includes viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware. Phishing - a social engineering attack where attackers impersonate legitimate entities to trick individuals into providing sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, or credit card details. Ransomware - A type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment for the decryption key. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks - a ttacks that aim to make a service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic or exploiting vulnerabilities. Insider Threats - t hreats that originate from within the organization, often involving employees or contractors who misuse their access to sensitive information.

59. Why is it important for IT teams to understand various information security threats?

60. It is important for IT teams to understand various information security threats to effectively identify, mitigate, and respond to potential risks, ensuring the protection of sensitive data, maintaining system integrity, and safeguarding the organization against financial and reputational damage.

61. Below are the top 10 types of information security threats that IT teams need to know. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks - a ttacks where an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. SQL Injection - a code injection technique that exploits vulnerabilities in an application's software by inserting malicious SQL queries into input fields. Zero-Day Exploits - a ttacks that occur on the same day a vulnerability is discovered and before a patch is released to fix it. Credential Stuffing - a n attack where stolen username and password pairs are used to gain unauthorized access to user accounts on various platforms. IoT Vulnerabilities - Security weaknesses in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which often lack robust security measures and can be exploited by attackers.

62. Interoperability and Standardization are sets of rules to make the information exchange between various systems easy, by standardizing how data should be formatted, structured, transmitted and received. These standards are the most important anywhere from technology to healthcare to telecommunication and many more. The Standards and Interoperability (S&I) Framework established a mechanism for engaging the public and private sector to prescribe uniform health information. Specification Lifecycle — The S&I Framework helps with specification lifecycles, managing the lifecycle of specifications from the need to issue standards to create or harmonize standards and test for their compliance The framework also enables public-private sector activities for content and technical specifications as well as engage stakeholders with multiple stakeholder health challenges under one umbrella.

63. Some interoperability standards include: Decomposition of problems to be solved in healthcare - Healthcare Level Seven (HL7) and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Telecommunications - Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) IT - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)

64. Scalability and Infrastructure Scalability is defined as the capability of an IT system to accommodate the ever-growing workload or increase its capacity without compromising on performance or efficiency. A scalable IT infrastructure will adapt to growth be it in the number of users, volume of data, amount of traffic, or complexities of applications. Achieving scalability is provisioned by means of long-term planning, deployment of modern technologies (mostly cloud-based) and continuous optimization.

65. What is the significance of interoperability and standardization in technology?

66. Interoperability and standardization are crucial in technology as they ensure that different systems and devices can communicate and work together seamlessly, promoting compatibility, reducing integration costs, and enhancing user experience across diverse platforms and applications.

67. Regulatory and Compliance Issues Regulatory compliance is an organization's adherence to laws, regulations, guidelines and specifications relevant to its business processes. Violations of regulatory compliance often result in legal punishment, including federal fines. Examples of regulatory compliance laws and regulations include the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).

68. require such IoT nodes to work under varying operating conditions, and with the network and cloud maximizing system intelligence while minimizing energy/information. The method to maximize the overall performance of the network is to incorporate intelligence and self-adaptation into a self-organizing network (SON). The main goal of the SON is to improve service quality and reduce the costs associated with network operations by reducing human involvement while enhancing network performance. Future Trends and Innovations in IoT

69. Advancements in IoT Technology IoT is evolving rapidly with more powerful sensors, improved connectivity (like 5G), and better data analytics. Devices are becoming smarter, smaller, and more energy-efficient, allowing them to interact in real-time, process vast amounts of data, and improve automation in various industries. Smarter Devices : Smaller, more powerful sensors and smarter devices that communicate in real-time. Improved Connectivity : The role of 5G and other high-speed networks in IoT evolution. Data Processing : Enhanced capabilities for processing large amounts of data for better automation and decision-making .

70. Integration of AI with IoT Artificial intelligence and the internet of things are interconnected technologies, with IoT devices collecting and processing data for automatic decision-making. IoT connects remote sensors to mobile apps, providing information for the apps. Intelligent Decision-Making: AI-driven data analytics enable IoT systems to make autonomous decisions. Predictive Maintenance: AI helps IoT devices predict failures or maintenance needs before they occur. Smart Automation: AI and IoT are enhancing automation, from smart homes to industrial applications.

71. Sustainability through IoT The IoT is gaining prominence for its potential to optimize energy usage, reduce waste, and improve resource efficiency, making it a crucial tool in combating climate change. Energy Optimization: Smart homes, grids, and devices optimize energy consumption, reducing waste. Environmental Monitoring: IoT sensors in agriculture, waste management, and water systems help manage resources more efficiently. Green Technologies: IoT as a tool in reducing carbon footprints and promoting eco-friendly innovations.

72. Conclusion: Future IoT trends will be driven by smarter devices, AI integration, and sustainability. These innovations will lead to smarter cities, industries, and enhanced environmental management.

73. How has 5G technology impacted IoT advancements?

74. 5G technology has significantly enhanced IoT advancements by providing higher data rates, increased capacity, and reduced latency, enabling real-time data processing and supporting a larger number of connected devices, which is essential for applications like smart cities and autonomous vehicles.

75. 1. What does IoT stand for? A) Internet of Technology B) Internet of Things C) Internet of Transactions D) Internet of Telecommunications 2. Which of the following is an example of an IoT device? A) Desktop computer B) Smart thermostat C) Traditional light bulb D) Printed book 3. What is the primary benefit of IoT in industrial applications? A) Increased manual labor B) Real-time data monitoring C) Higher energy consumption D) Reduced connectivity 4. Which component is NOT typically part of an IoT system? A) Sensors B) Connectivity C) User interface D) Mainframe computer 5. What is a significant security concern for IoT devices? A) High cost B) Limited battery life C) Vulnerability to hacking D) Lack of user interest

76. 7. What is the role of interoperability in IoT? A) To ensure devices can only work with their own brand B) To allow different devices to communicate and work together C) To limit the number of devices connected D) To enhance the physical design of devices 8. Which of the following is a trend in the future of IoT? A) Decreased use of AI B) Growth of 5G networks C) Reduction in smart devices D) Elimination of data collection 9. In the context of smart cities, IoT can help with: A) Increasing traffic congestion B) Efficient resource management C) Higher pollution levels D) Decreased public safety 10. What type of data is primarily collected by IoT devices? A) Static data B) Real-time data C) Historical data only D) None of the above 6. How does edge computing benefit IoT applications? A) By centralizing data processing B) By reducing latency and bandwidth usage C) By increasing data storage requirements D) By eliminating the need for sensors

77. Key answers:   1. B. - Internet of Things 2 . B - Smart thermostat 3. B - Real-time data monitoring 4. D - Mainframe computer 5. C - Vulnerability to hacking 6. B - By reducing latency and bandwidth usage 7. B - To allow different devices to communicate and work together 8. B - Growth of 5G networks 9. B - Efficient resource management 10. B - Real-time data