Incitement and Anger is not good for Humanity.ppt

Incitement leads to Aggression and the fights and harm. This has to stop

1. Incitement and Anger

2. Aggression type and gender
Boys more physically victimized by their
friends.
Friend physical victimization was particularly
related to boys adjustment difficulties
Girls more relationally victimized.
Friend relational victimization was particularly
related to girls’ adjustment difficulties.
Crick & Nelson, 2002.

3. Prediction

4. Cross-sex friendships
Pre-school
Elementary school
Middle school
High school / Adolescence …

5. Change
12th grade
Boys 5 hrs a week w girls.
Girls 10 hrs a week w boys.
Larger network of other-sex friends
increases odds of romantic
relationship

6. Extreme male brain
theory of autism
Baron-Cohen

7. Empathizing
(theory of mind)
“Empathizing is the
capacity to predict
and to respond to the
behavior of agents
(usually people) by
inferring their mental
states and responding
to these with an
appropriate emotion.”

8. Systemizing
“Systemizing is the
capacity to predict
and to respond to the
behavior of
nonagentive
deterministic systems
by analyzing input-
operation-output
relations and inferring
the rules that govern
such systems.”

9. Females and males
“At population level, females are stronger
empathizers and males stronger systemizers.
“Eextreme male brain’’ theory: autism
represents an extreme of the male pattern
(impaired empathizing and enhanced
systemizing).
Specific aspects of autistic neuroanatomy
may also be extremes of typical male
neuroanatomy.”

10. You can be high in both… or
low in both
Higher on graph
– more
empathizing
Lower – less
empathizing
More to right –
higher
systemizing
More left – less
systemizing

11. AS/HFA>Male>Female

12. AS/HFA>Male>Female

13. Sex differences attenuated
in ASD….
Baron-Cohen, S.,
Cassidy, S., Auyeung, B.,
Allison, C., Achoukhi, M.,
Robertson, S., Pohl, A.,
& Lai, M.-C. (2014).
Attenuation of Typical
Sex Differences in 800
Adults with Autism vs.
3,900 Controls. PLoS
ONE, 9(7), e102251. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.01
02251

14. Messinger, D. S., Young, G. S., Webb, S. J., Ozonoff, S.,
Bryson, S. E., Carter, A., Carver, L., Charman, T.,
Chawarska, K., Curtin, S., Dobkins, K., Hertz-Picciotto, I.,
Hutman, T., Iverson, J. M., Landa, R., Nelson, C. A., Stone,
W. L., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2015).
Early sex differences are not autism-specific: A Baby
Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study. Mol Autism,
6, 32. doi: 10.1186/s13229-015-0027-y
What about the development
of ASD?

15. Relative risk of ASD = 3.18
P
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A
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16. Sex by domain
not affected by group
Repetitive Behaviors Social Affect

17. Sex by subtest
not affected by group

18. Conclusion
Sex differences in ASD prevalence
No sex differences in overall symptoms or
cognition
•Boys (higher RRB) and girls (higher language)
with ASD differ in specific performance areas
•These sex differences exist in ASD, non-ASD,
low-risk
Results are consistent with recent reports
Sex differences that appear in children
with ASD may not be ASD-specific

19. Effect of
female
sibling
 Palmer, N., Beam, A., Agniel, D., Eran, A.,
Manrai, A., Spettell, C., . . . Kohane, I.
(2017). Association of Sex With Recurrence
of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among
Siblings. JAMA Pediatr. doi:
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2832

20. Homosexuality as a
Discrete Class
Previous research on the latent structure of sexual orientation has
returned conflicting results, with some studies finding a dimensional
structure (i.e., ranging quantitatively along a spectrum) and others a
taxonic structure (i.e., categories of individuals with distinct orientations).
The current study used a sample (N = 33,525) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on
Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). A series of taxometric analyses were conducted
using three indicators of sexual orientation: identity, behavior, and attraction.
Low-base-rate same-sex-oriented taxa for men (base rate = 3.0%) and
women (base rate = 2.7%).
Generally, taxon membership conferred an increased risk for psychiatric and substance-use
disorders.
Although taxa were present for men and women, women demonstrated
greater sexual fluidity, such that any level of same-sex sexuality
conferred taxon membership for men but not for women.
Norris, A. L., Marcus, D. K., & Green, B. A. (2015). Psychological Science. doi:
10.1177/0956797615598617

21. Female Bisexuality From Adolescence to Adulthood:
Results From a 10-Year Longitudinal Study. Lisa Diamond
3 conceptualizations of bisexuality
1. “Transitional phase”
2. Third type of sexual orientation
3. Heightened capacity for fluidity
Present study
79 non-heterosexual women
10 years, 5 assessment points. At each:
•Label self sexual identity
•Lesbian, bisexual, “unlabeled”
•% daily attractions that are same-sex
•#of sexual contacts with men & women
(since last assessment)
Nayfeld

22. Identity
 Changing identity
•73% of T1 bisexuals
• 83% of T1 “unlabeled”
•48% of T1 lesbians
More likely to switch between bisexual
and unlabeled IDs than to settle on
lesbian or heterosexual labels.
•2/3 of ID changes: adopting bisexual or
unlabeled identity.
% identifying as bisexual or “unlabeled”
•T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
57% 47%51% 57% 58%
Nayfeld
Bisexual and
unlabeled women
more likely to change
identity labels, χ2(2,
N = 79) = 8.3, p < .02.

23. Sexual
Attractions
•Same-sex attractions
declined significantly
among lesbians only
•Women who gave up
bisexual/lesbian IDs
still reported bisexual
patterns of attraction in
T5
Nayfeld

24. Sexual Behavior
Consistent decline in same sex behavior
among all women
NOT matched by a parallel decline in
same-sex attractions
By 2005, most women involved in long
term monogamous relationships.
70% of T5 lesbians, 89% of bisexuals, 85% of
unlabeled women, 67% of heterosexuals
By 2005, 60% of T1 lesbians had had
sexual contact with a man, and 30% had
been romantically involved with a man
Resolved by change in identity to
bisexual/unidentified
Nayfeld

25. Discussion
Bisexuality as stable pattern of attraction
to both sexes, with balance varying based
on personal and situational factors.
Identity change more common than
identity stability
ID change reflects shifting experiences
•Adopt labels consistent with relationship status
•Seek to maximize fit with own prevailing pattern
of attraction/behavior
Nayfeld