India- Human Resources.pptx

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1. India - Human Resources

2. Human resources Human Resources are the people who make up the workforce of a nation. Any nation's greatest resource is its people.The skills and abilities of people turn them into resources. It is the building block of a country's development. Human resources are unequally distributed across the globe. Increased population indicates rich human resources. Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education,training and medical care.

3. Human capital us the stock of skill and knowledge that the country possesses Looking at the population from its productive aspect emphasises its ability to contribute to the creation of the gross national This is the positive side of large population that is over looked at the negative side, considering the problems of providing food, education and health facilities The human resources can be further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, we call it human capital formation Investment in human capital ( through education, health and training ) yields a return just like in physical capital. This can be seen in higher incomes

4. Ind ia’s population and it's distribution As per census of 2011 India’s population as on March 2011 stood at 1.21 billion. India has about 2.4 % of the world population India has about 17.5 % of the total world population. India ranks next to China in population which is the largest population in the world to cross the mark of I billion officially In terms of population, USA ranks third in the population but there is huge gap between these two countries The United Nations has estimated that the world population is growing at an annual rate of 1.4 % whereas

5. Geographical distribution Population of our country is not evenly distributed. Uttar Pradesh continues to be the most populous state if the country with almost 200 millions of people living there, which is more than the population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world. Whereas Himalayan state Sikkim has population about 0.5 million. Such an uneven spatial distribution of population in india suggests a close relationship between physical, socioeconomic, and historical factors. The physical factors like terrain, climate and Availability of water largely determines the pattern of population distribution. we observe that the North Indian Plains, deltas and Coastal Plains have higher proportion of population than the interior districts of southern and central Indian States, Himalayas, some of the north eastern and the western states.

6. Development of population The Development of population resulted in moderate to high portion of population in areas which are thinly populated : Development of irrigation in Rajasthan Availability of minerals and energy resources in Jharkhand Development of transport network in peninsular states

7. The socioeconomic and historical factors important ones are evolution of settled agriculture and agricultural development; pattern of human settlement; development of transport network, industrialisation and urbanisation. The population of the regions falling in the river plains and coastal areas of India have larger population. Even though the natural resources like land and water are degradation, the concentration of population remains high because of na early history of human settlement and development

8. Population density Density of population, is expressed as number of person per unit area It is better a way to understand the distribution of population The density of population in India (2011) is 382 person per square km and ranks third among the most densely populated countries of Asia following Bangladesh (849 persons ) and Japan ( 334 persons ) Bihar has the highest density of population about 1103 square.km Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest density of population about 17 persons per sq. Km.

9. Urban - Rural Distribution of population

10. Composition of population by their respective places of residence is an important indicator of social and economic characteristics Contrary to rural population, the proportion of urban population (31.16 %) in India is quite low but it is showing a much faster growth rate over the decades. In fact since 1931 , the growth rate of urban population has accelerated due to enchanced economic development , more employment opportunities, better living conditions and better services like education, health, transportation , communication and banking etc. The distribution of urban population too, as in the case of total population, has a wide variation throughout the country.

11. At the state level, the pattern of urbanization is very diverse, but economically advanced states more or less show higher levels of urbanisation. All the southern states, along with Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra and West Bengal, have higher urbanisation levels than the national average, whereas Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and Odisha are least urbanised states of India. The level of urbanization in India increased from 27.7% in 2001 to 31.1% in 2011 2011 (crore) In (%) India 121.0 100 Rural 83.3 68.84 Urban 37.7 31.16

12. Sex ratio Sex rat io is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.This information is an important social indicator to measure the extent of equality between males and females in a society at given time. The sex ratio in India remained unfavorable to females due to : Neglect of girl child Sex selective abortions

13. Role of Education and Health in Developing Human Resource

14. Education and health are reasonable good indicators of development in a society.It forms an important input in the overall development of individuals enabling them to comprehend their social, political and cultural environment better and respond to its opportunity. Low level of literacy is a serious obstacle for economic and social development.

15. Education The literacy rate for the country as a whole in 2011, was 74.4 %; 82.14 % for males and 65.46 % for females for the population aged seven years and above. Kerala, where literacy rate is 93.91%, holds the first rank in the country closely followed by Mizoram (91%). Bihar has lowest literacy rate of 63.82%.

16. Health Health does not mean survival only, it concerns physical, mental, economic and social well being of an individual as well. Health is an important component of the development process. With sustained efforts after the independence, significant Improvement has been registered in the health status of the population. A wide range of activities are covered under health, such as population control, family welfare, drug control, immunisation and eradication of majer communicable and non-communicable disenses.

17. Skilled and Unskilled Human Resource

18. A skilled worker is any worker who has special skill, training, knowledge, and (usually acquired) ability in his work. Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability for the economy. Literate, skilled and healthy population are an asset The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health, and skill formation acquired by the people of the country. The quality of the population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country.

19. Are Education and Training necessary Education and Training are necessary as they : Enhances people's capacities and creativity, opportunities, at work: Empower people to develop their full capacities and seize employment and social opportunities; Raise productivity of workers and of enterprises; Contribute to boost future innovation and development; Encourage domestic and foreign investment, thus job growth lowering unemployment and underemployment; Lead to higher wages; and Reduce inequalities between different groups of people.

20. Skills development is a central pillar of economic growth and development. The present skilled workforce in India is only 2 percent, which is much lower when compared to the developing nations. As per a report, the number persons aged 15 years who have received or be receiving skills is merely 6.8 percent. Dearth of formal vocational education, lack of vide variation quality, high school dropout rates, inadequate skill training capacity, negative perception towards skilling, and lack of industry ready skills even in processional courses are the cause of poor skill levels of India's workforce.

21. India's Green Revolution India's Green Revolution is a dramatic example of how the input of greater knowledge in the form of improved production technologies can rapidly increase the productivity of scarce land resources.

22. IT Revolution It in revolution is another example which show how the importance of human capital has come to acquire a higher position than that of material plant and machinery. Large investments by the Central and State Governments in Education, research and Training led to “IT Revolution” in Bengaluru.

23. Countries like Japan have invested in human resource. They did not have much natural resource. These countries are developed/rich countries. They import the natural resource needed in their country. How did they become rich/developed? They have invested on people especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resource like land and capital. Efficiency and the technology evolved by people have made these countries rich/developed. How did they become rich/developed ?

24. Important points Human as Resource, is an effort to explain population as an asset for the economy rather than a liability. As per census of 2011 India's population as on March 2011 stood at 1.21 billion. Density of population, is expressed as number of persons per unit area. Bihar has the highest density of population about 1102 persons per sq. km, whereas Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest density of population i.e. 17 persons per sq. km. Education and health are reasonably good indicators of development in a society.

25. T hank you for your time