Indian biodiversity

1. Presentation on Indian Biodiversity Submitted by:- Shailja Singh M.Sc 1 st Sem Deptt of Env. Sc BBAU Submitted to:- Dr. Richa K. Tyagi Assistant Professor Deptt of Env. Sc. BBAU

2. Biodiversity - Definition The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

3. Total land area of India - 143 million.ha India occupies 2.47% of the World’s geographical area and has only 1% of the forest India has 16.1% of world human population and 15.1% of cattle population Forest cover in India- 23.57% Biodiversity of India

4. Continued…. India is sharing 12.53 % of world’s biodiversity India has 3.9 % of grasslands, 2.0 % of hot deserts, 4.1 m.ha of wetland ecosystems . India is the 7 th largest country in the world and one among the 17 mega diversity centers. Among 34 globally identified biodiversity hotspots, India harbours 4 hotspots and they are- Eastern Himalaya Indo-Burma Western Ghats and Sri-Lanka Andaman and Nicobar island

5. India recorded : 45,000 + species of wild plants 89,000 + species of wild animals At least 320 species of wild relatives of crops have been originated here . 1,39,000 species of plants, animals and microbes are recorded More than 4 lakh species are yet to be identified There are three mega centers of endemism and 26 micro centers of endemism.

6. 10 Biogeographic Zones of India

7. Western Ghats This zone is one of the hotspots of Indianand great natural resource extends from Kanyakumari in south to the hills of Tapti river in north. The zone shows exceptionally rich biodiversity. It has 4,000 species of higher plants. There are about 1,800 endemic species. Out of 29 spp of Dipterocarpaceae present in India 13 are f ound in this region. There are 62 mammal genera . Significant species and species groups restricted to ghats Are as follows:- Primates(Nilgiri langur,Lion Tailed Macaque) Rodents(Platacothomysan endemic monotype genus,the Spiny durmouse) Carnivores(Malabar Civert,rusty spotted cat) It also have large population of tiger,leopard,sloth bear,Indian elephant and Gaur).

8. Eastern Himalayas The Eastern Himalayas is the region encompassing Bhutan , northeastern India and southern central and eastern Nepal. The Eastern Himalayan hotspot has nearly 163 globally threatened species including the One-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis) , the Wild Asian Water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis (Arnee) ) and in all 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species . The Relict Dragonfly ( Epiophlebia laidlawi ) is an endangered species found here with the only other species in the genus being found in Japan. The region is also home to the Himalayan Newt ( Tylototriton verrucosus ) , the only salamander species found within Indian limits .

9. Birds Ardea insignis ( White-bellied Heron ) ( Imperial Heron ) Eurynorhynchus pygmeus ( Spoon-billed Sandpiper ) Grus leucogeranus ( Siberian Crane) Gyps bengalensis ( White-rumped Vulture ) Gyps indicus ( Indian Vulture ) Gyps tenuirostris (Slender-billed Vulture) Some Endemic species of India Plants Aralia malabarica Citrus indica Cotoneaster obovatus Eugenia indica Gymnostachyum febrifugum Hopea parviflora Euonymus angulatus

10. Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fishes Anoxypristis cuspidata ( Knifetooth sawfish ) Batagur baska ( Four-toed Terrapin ) Batagur kachuga ( Red-crowned Roofed Turtle ) Biswamoyopterus biswasi ( Namdapha Flying Squirrel ) Carcharhinus hemiodon ( Pondicherry shark ) Cremnomys elvira ( Large Rock-rat ) Crocidura andamanensis ( Andaman White-toothed Shrew ) Crocidura jenkinsi ( Jenkin's Shrew ) , Endemic to India. Crocidura nicobarica ( Nicobar Shrew )

11. Thank You All