Indian Civilization 2.pptx

group presentation of students of sociology discipline 16 batch on History of Human Civilization course

1. Welcome To Our presentation

2. Presentation Topic: Indian Civilization

3. Course Title : History of Human Civilization Course no: Soc 1105

4. Presented By: Group F Name Student ID MD. Habibur Rahman 161611 Nipesh Mondol 161615 Tanzida Amin 161620 MD.Sajedur Rahman Sakil 161639

5. Introduction Before partition of India in 1947,the Indian subcontinent includes Pakistan , India and Bangladesh. Today the three independent countries. This Indian subcontinent has a rich history of some five millennium years. Here lived mane invaders like Aryans, Dravidians ,Parthians ,Greeks , Sakas , Kushans ,Huns ,Turks , Afgans and Mongols who all brought their unique culture with them and the amalgamation gave rise to a new Indian civilization.

6. Civilization The word civilization comes from the Latin Civilis , meaning civil, related to the Latin civis , meaning citizen, and civitas , meaning city or city-state. Civilization is a from of human culture in which many people live in urban centers, have mastered the art of smelting metals, and have developed a method of writing. The Oxford English Dictionary defines civilization as “the action or process of civilizing or of being civilized; a developed or advanced state of human society

7. Rise of Indian Civilization About 2500 B.C. a counterpart of the civilizations that had emerged earlier along the Tigris- Euphrates and the Nile rivers appeared along the Indus River in India. The third of the great river valley civilizations developed along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan. It flourished from about 2400 BC to about 1500 BC. Shortly before its collapse, Indo-European or Aryan invaders entered the Indian sub-continent. During this period, two great religious traditions Hinduism and Buddhism had their origins and then spread outwards. Here we found establishment of fundamental patterns of Indian Civilization.

8. Periods of Indian Civilization The development of Indian Civilization can be divided in seven periods 1.Original Indians (1700BC-3300 BC)  Indus Valley Civilizations: Mohenja-daro and Harappa People 2. Aryans (2500BC-322BC)  India’s Root Culture 3. The Mauryan Empire (322BC-188BC) Spread of Buddhism 4. Gupta Period (320AD-480AD)  Golden Age of India 5. Muslim Period (1175AD-1800AD)  Turks and Mughals 6. European Rule (1800AD01947AD)  Portuguese, French, Dutch and English 7. Independence of India

9. Indus Valley Civilization 1. Indus Valley Civilization (1700BC-3300BC) Excavation in Northwest part of Pakistan has discovered this civilization that is over 5,000 years old. This is the period where people in the rest of the world were nomadic. By Evidence of human habitation of the Indian Subcontinent, that huge triangular peninsula that is home to modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, Goes Back to the Paleolithic period.

10. Aryans 2. Aryans (2500BC-322BC) Vedic Aryan civilization was a rural not an urban civilization and raw material remains from it are extant; hence little in the form of archeological evidence. No written documents that record this invasion. In their absence: the Vedas, a collective term for the ancient wisdom preserved in texts about rituals, priests, and speculations about the nature of the human and divine worlds and transmitted orally. The earliest Vedas date from as early as 1700 BC, and the most important collection are the 1,028 Sanskrit hymns called the Rig Veda.

11. Maurya Empire 3. Maurya Empire (322 BC-185 BC) Chandragupta Maurya began in 322 BC establishing a great empire in northern India and the lands abandoned by Alexander the Great. The mauryan Empire included all of present-day northern India and much of modern Afghanistan. The Mauryans were better rulers and culturally rich. According to legend, Chandragupta retired from the throne after ruling for twenty-four years, passed it to his son, and became a monk and starved himself to death. After that Ashoka converted to Buddhism and introduced Buddhism outside India. After the death of Ashoka , the Mauryan Empire disintegrated rapidly and all of South Asia fragmented into regional powers.

12. Gupta Period 4. Gupta Period (320 AD- 480 AD) After the decline of mauryans , Gupta rulers rose to power and over time, they came to rule much of India north of the Deccan Plain. The Gupta Period in Indian history is known as the Golden Age of India. It is the Era of the most advanced civilization, flush with wealth, higher education, trade with foreign countries, and an overall happy life. Here we found religious tolerance and freedom of worship. It is the period of Hindu Renaissance. 5

13. Muslim Period 5. Muslim Period- Turks and Mughals (1175 AD – 1800 AD) Turks from Central Asia invaded India and ruled from 1175 AD to 1340 AD. Attracted by India’s wealth, looted and destroyed temples. More interested in wealth rather than A map of North India in the late Vedic period. politics and were soon replaced by the Mughals. The Turks’ dominance ended in 1526 with the invasion of Mughals from central Asia.

14. Muslim Period

15. European Rule 6. European Rule (1800-1947) – Discovery of India The Invasion of Alexander had boosted trade contact outside India. Columbus, in his quest to find India ended up in North America and erroneously thought he had reached India, calling the native of the new land as Indians. On April, 1498 Vasco da Gama reached the western coast of India and the quest for Europeans to reach India was fulfilled. Subsequent to Vasco Da Gama’s arrival in India, the Portuguese fought and established their dominance and appointed Portuguese Governor in India.

16. Independence 7. The main Historical Figures of the India Independence movement include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mohammad Ali Jinnah. India and Pakistan become free and independent countries on August 15, 1947. Nehru became the first prime minister of newly formed democratic country of India. Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first governor general of Pakistan.

17. Basic features of Indian Civilization The land of people. Art. – lively, but much perished Literature. Mathematics. – imported through Arabs – but Indian Economy Science Family life based on hierarchy

18. Conclusion This account of the period between the sixth century BC and the sixth century AD illustrates the fundamental pattern of India history. Brief periods of political unity, such as the reigns of the three Mauryan emperor’s Long periods of fragmentation and disunity. Hence, for much on India’s history, unity has come from culture rather than politics. There is greater loyalty to the social order and the caste system than to any one political institution. Culture is accordingly both a unifying and a divisive force.

19. References Alkazi , Roshen , Ancient Indian Costume. New Delhi: National Book Trust. 1998. Robert, Agarwal, D. R. 2007. History and Culture of India. GTI Lecture, San Jose State University P. 1997. World Civilization. (9th Edition), W.W. Norton Company Inc. Swain, J.E. 1938. A History of World Civilization. Mcgrow Hill Book Company Inc. New York.

20. Thank You Do you have any questions?