Indian press

It helps to know the historical growth of Indian Press. The presentation also explains how the fourth estate had muzzled by British rulers in India.

1. INDIAN PRESS Dr . J. Janardhan

2. EVOLUTION OF INDIAN PRESS Printing press was brought to India in the 16th century The first printed book in India was ‘ Doctrina Christa ’ in 1557 in Goa The English East India Company also set up printing presses The birth of the first newspaper in the country was towards the end of the 18th century

3. THE FIRST NEWSPAPER IN INDIA William Bolts , announced the first N.P. in India in 1776. He asked people to come to residence to read the news This newspaper had the two functions informing the British community of news Ventilating grievances against the colonial rule

4. HICKY’S GAZETTE James Augustus Hicky published the first Indian English newspaper- Bengal Gazette on 29 th Jan, 1780 It also called as ‘ Calcutta Advertiser ’ Popularly known as ‘ Hickey’s Gazette ’

5. HICKY’S GAZETTE His contribution makes him as ‘ Father of Indian Journalism ’ Its carried only advertisements in the front page He was the founder , editor , printer and promoter of this weekly It was really concerned the Indians

6. HICKY’S GAZETTE It was a weekly political and commercial paper He describes that ‘ it opens to all parties & influenced by none ’ His objective was ‘ British Administrative ’ private affairs Year later, ‘Sir Warren Hastings’ denied all postal facilities

7. HICKY’S GAZETTE Hastings finally took action against Hicky for defamation in 1781 He was convicted and sentenced to a year’s imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000 . In March 1782 , the Bengal Gazette was suppressed This marked the premature and unceremonious end of India’s first newspaper

8. HICKY’S GAZETTE Hicky considered the ‘ liberty of the press ’ to be essential In June, 1781, Hicky was arrested He was stopped from bringing out the ‘ Hicky’s Gazette’ In1780 , Indian Gazette , appeared in Kolkata It was better in quality with 4 pages of 16 inches long It had three columns and it was well printed.

9. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL… After 1790, ‘The Asiatic Mirror’ was started In 1795 , The Indian World , The Calcutta Courier , The Indian Apollo begun The Bengal Harakaru was Started by Charles Maclean in 1795 In 1798, The Calcutta Morning Post & Oriental Star were started There was a war b/w British Administration and the press In 1799, Lord Wellesley introduced the Press Censorship in Bengal

10. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL… Under the British rule, Fourth Estate was seized William Duane, Irish-American editor was suffered He started ‘ Bengal Journal ’

11. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BENGAL… Lord Cornwallis issued an order for arresting William Duane Later, He couldn’t continued as Bengal Journal’s editor In 1795, he then started ‘ Indian World ’

12. JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM … Sir James Silk Buckingham assumed as editor of ‘ Calcutta Journal ’ in 1818 It was an eight-page biweekly newspaper He was fearless in condemning the local custom of ‘ sati ’ He gave prominence to news and views British authorities became intolerant on his criticism John Adam, Governor-General, deported Buckingham to England

13. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY… In 1789, ‘ The Bombay Herald ’ appeared as weekly The second N.P from Bombay ‘ The Bombay Courier ’ w as founded in 1790. Luke Ashburner, Alderman were the editors The Bombay Gazette was established in June 1791

14. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY… The Courier - Changed to The Bombay Times on 3 rd November, 1838. It was fore runner of ‘ Times of India ’

15. EARLY JOURNALISM IN BOMBAY… The Govt. ordered to submit the copies to Pre-Censorship Later, Bombay Herald was announced as Govt. paper They deliberately avoided the conflict with Govt.

16. EARLY JOURNALISM IN MADRAS… Richard Johnston founder of the first newspaper in Madras The Madras Courier existed on 12 th Oct, 1785 It was officially recognised by authorities It was a weekly with four pages

17. EARLY JOURNALISM IN MADRAS… In 1795, Robert Williams started ‘ Madras Gazette ’ – Weekly In 1795, Indian Herald was started by Humphreys Censorship was introduced on 12 th Dec, 1795 The press in Madras began to feel early the heavy hand

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