Indian standard for drinking water as per bis specifications (is 10500 2012)

Indian standard for drinking water as per bis specifications (is 10500 2012) - a presentation by arghyam 23rd feb. This presentation highlights the BIS standards for drinking water

1. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
WATER QUALITY
Indian Standard for
Drinking Water-Specification
(
Second Revision
)
IS 10500: 2012

2. Technical terms
•BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
•Desirable limits
•Permissible limit
•PPM
•NTU
•Hazen Units

3. Organoleptic and physical parameters
Colour, Hazen Units IS 10500-2012 Acceptable: 5 Hz., Permissible: 15 Hz
Risks or effects Visible tint, acceptance decreases
Sources Suspendedmaterial, soilrunoff,
presenceof tannins and lignins,
mineralslikeiron, copper, manganese,
andorganicwastes
Treatment Filtration, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis,
Ozonisation

4. Odour IS 10500: 2012 Agreeable
Risks or Effects Rotten egg, musty, chemical smell
Sources Chlorine, hydrogen sulphide,
presence of iron, manganese,
chlorides, sulphates, aluminium,
copper, contamination due to
sewage and organic matter,
methane gas
Treatment Activated carbon, Air stripping,
Oxidation, Filtration, Distillation, Ion
Exchange

5. pH IS 10500-2012 Acceptable limit:6.5-8.5, Permissible: No
relaxation
Risks or effects Low pH –corrosionleading to metall ic
taste
High pH –bitter/soda taste, leads to
deposits
Sources Natural
Treatment Increase pH by soda ash Decrease pH with
white vinegar / citric acid

6. Total dissolved solids, mg/l, Max IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit: 500 mg/l
Permissible:2000 mg/l
Risks or effects Hardness, scaly deposits, sediments, cloudy
coloured water,salty or bitter taste,
corrosion of pipes and fittings
Sources Salts, heavy metals and organic compounds
found in agricultural and urban runoff,
wastewater from households, industries,
sewagefrom urban and rural areas,
hazardous wastes from landfills
Treatment Reverse Osmosis, Distillation, deionization by
Ion Exchange

7. Turbidity NTU Max IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable unit: 1 NTU
Permissible limit: 5 NTU
Risks oreffects Cloudiness or haziness
Sources High sedimentdeposition due to
pollution and industrial activities like
construction, mining, quarrying,
agriculture, due to presence of organic
matter such as phytoplankton
Treatment Settling or filtration processes using
sand filtration, settling tanks, and
clarifiers.

8. Substances undesirable in excessive amounts
Aluminium(as Al),
mg/l, Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit: 0.03 mg/l
Permissible limit: 0.2 mg/l
Risks or effects High risk associated with dialysis
patients
Sources Rock and soil leaching
Treatment Portable CationExchange***
Distillation, Reverse Osmosis

9. Ammonia (as total
ammonia-N), mg/l,
Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.5 mg/l
Permissible limit: No relaxation
Risks or effects None proposed for human, but toxic for
aquatic life
Sources Disinfection with chloramines, wastes,
fertilisers and natural processes
Treatment Ion Exchange with zeolite
Sodium aluminosilicate zeolites
Distillation

10. Barium (as Ba), mg/l,
Max
IS 10500:2012 Acceptable limits: 0.7 mg/l
Permissible limits: No relaxation
Risks or effects Difficulties in breathing, increase d blood
pressure, changes in heart rhythm, stomach
irritation, brain swelling, muscle weakness, and
damage to the liver, kidney, heart, and spleen.
Source Mineral deposits
Disposal of drilling wastes
Smelting of copper
Motor vehicle parts manufacturing
Treatment
Point-of-Entry (POE)
Point-of-Use (POU)
Cation Exchange
Reverse Osmosis
Distillation

11. Iron (as Fe), mg/l,
Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.3mg/l
Permissible limit: No relaxation
Risks or effects Brackish color, rusty sediment, bit ter
or metallic taste, brown-green stains,
iron bacteria, discolorationof
beverages
Sources Leaching of cast iron pipes in water
distribution systems
Natural
Treatment Oxidizing Filter, Green-sand Mechanical
Filter

12. Manganese (as Mn),
mg/l, Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.1mg/l
Permissible limit: 0.3mg/l
Risks or effects Can stain laundry and fixtures at 0 .2 mg/l,
cause discolouration and leavean
unpleasant taste to water. May affect brain
development in infants and young children
Sources Landfills, deposits in rock and soil
Treatment Ion Exchange, Chlorination, Oxidising filt ers
Green-sand mechanical filters

13. Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l, Max IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:200mg/l
Permissible limit: 400mg/l
Risks or effects Bitter, medicinal taste, scaly depo sits,
corrosive, laxative effects, "rotten-
egg" odour from hydrogen sulphide
gas formation
Sources Urban and rural sewage, industrial
wastes, bye-product of coal mining,
natural deposits or salts
Treatment Ion Exchange , Distillation , Reverse
Osmosis

14. Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:45 mg/l
Permissible limit: No relaxation
Risks or effects Methemoglobinemiaor blue baby disea se
in infants
Sources Human sewage and livestock manure,
fertilisers,erosion of natural deposits
Treatment Anion exchange, Nitrate ‘Sélective’ Anion
Exchange Resins, Distillation,
Electrodialysis

15. Chloride (as Cl),
mg/l, Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:250 mg/l
Permissible limit: 1000mg/l
Risks or effects High blood pressure, salty taste,
corroded pipes, fixtures and
appliances, blackening and pitting of
stainless steel
Sources Fertilisers, Industrial wastes, Minerals
in soil, seawater
Treatment Reverse Osmosis , Distillation,
Activated Carbon

16. Fluoride (as F),
mg/l, Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:1.0mg/l
Permissible limit: 1.5mg/l
Risks or effects Brownish discoloration of teeth, bo ne
damage, skeletal damage
Sources Contamination due to industrial
wastes.
Geological or natural
Treatment Activated Alumina, Distillation,
Reverse Osmosis, Anion Exchange

17. Total arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.01mg/l
Permissible limit: 0.05 mg/l
Risks or effects Skin problems, endocrine disruptor,
carcinogenic, affects cardiovascular
and nervous system
Sources Leaching from natural deposits,
pesticides, industrial deposits, coal
mining,improper waste disposal
Treatment Activated Alumina Filtration, Reverse
Osmosis, Distillation, Chemical
Precipitation, Anion exchange, lime
softening, Manganese greensand

18. Total chromium (as Cr),
mg/l, Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.05
Permissible limit: No relaxation
Risks or effects Nausea, gastrointestinal distress,
stomach and skin ulcers, allergic
reactions, kidney and liver damage,
reproductive problems, lung and nasal
cancer
Sources Septic systems, industrial discharge,
mining sites, geological
Treatment Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis,
Distillation, Activatedcarbon

19. Cadmium(as Cd), mg/l,
Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.003
Permissible limit: No relaxation
Risks or effects Short term –nausea, vomiting, diarr hoea,
muscle cramps, sensory disturbances, liver
injury, convulsions, shock and renal failure.
Long term –kidney, liver, bone and blood
damage
Sources Corrosion ofgalvanised pipes, from natural
deposits, discharge from metal refineries,
runoff from waste batteries and paints
Treatment Coagulation/Filtration, Ion Exchange, Lime
softening, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation

20. Copper(as Cu), mg/l, Max IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.05
Permissible limit: 1.5
Risks or effects Acute copper poisoningcausing nause a,
vomiting, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal
irritation.
Severe cases can lead to anaemiaand liver
and kidney damage
Sources Leaching from copper water pipes and tubing,
copper salts used for algae control in
reservoirs,industrial and mining discharges,
erosionfrom natural sources
Treatment Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Distillatio n

21. Cyanide (as CN ), mg/l,
Max
IS 10500: 2012 Acceptable limit:0.05mg/l
Permissible limit:No relaxation
Risks or effects Thyroid, nervous system damage,
can cause Vitamin B 12 deficiency
Sources Fertilisers,electronics, steel,
plastics and mining industries
Treatment Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis,
Chlorination

22. Lead(as Pb), mg/l, Max IS 10500-2012 Acceptable limit: 0.01 mg/l
Permissible: No relaxation
Risks or effects Poisonous, can affect central nerv ous system and
red blood cells, interferes with kidney and
neurological functions, leads to hearing loss, bloo d
disorders, hypertension, death at high levels.
Children more vulnerable than adults
Sources Householdplumbing systems, discarded batteri es,
paints, leaded gasoline, natural deposits
Treatment Ion Exchange, Activated Carbon , Reverse
Osmosis, Distillation

23. Mercury (as Hg),
mg/l, Max
IS 10500-2012 Acceptable limit: 0.001 mg/l
Permissible: No relaxation
Risks or effects Damage to brain, kidney, developin g foetus,
death at high levels
Sources Fungicides, batteries,sewage, metal
refining operations, m ining, electrical
equipment, chloralkaliplant, erosion from
natural sources
Treatment Reverse Osmosis, Distillation

24. Zinc (as Zn), mg/l,
Max
IS 10500-2012 Acceptable limit:5 mg/l
Permissible: 15 mg/l
Risks or effects Metallic taste, toxic,can be poiso nous in
large doses, can lead to copper deficiency
Sources Leaching of galvanized pipes and fittings,
paints, dyes,natural deposits
Treatment Ion Exchange Water Softeners, Reverse
Osmosis, Distillation

25. Total coliform
bacteria
IS 10500-2012 Nil/100ml
Risks or effects Gastrointestinal tract infections
Sources Contaminated animal waste,sewage
contaminated with faecal matter,
household wastewater, polluted storm
water and agricultural runoffs Naturally
occurring
Treatment Chlorination, Ultraviolet light, Distillat ion,
Ozonation

26. E coliform
bacteria
IS 10500-2012 Nil/100ml
Risks or effects Gastrointestinal tract infections
Sources Contaminated animal waste,sewage
contaminated with faecal matter,
household wastewater, polluted storm
water and agricultural runoffs, Naturally
occurring
Treatment Chlorination,Ultraviolet light, Distillati on,
Ozonation,

27. Parameter BIS Guideline
value (maximum
allowable)
General and health effect Total dissolved
solids
2000 mg/l Undesirable taste, gastro intestinal probl ems,
corrosion or incrustation
pH 6.5-8.5 Affects mucous membrane, bitter taste, affects
aquatic life
Alkalinity 600
Hardness 600 Poor lathering with soap,deterioration of the quality
of clothes, scale forming,can lead toskin irritatio n,
affects the quality of food
Health effects of chemical parameters

28. value (maximum allowable)
Calcium 200 mg/l Poor lathering and deterioration of the quality of clothes,
incrustation in pipes, scale formation
Magnesium 100 mg/l Poor lathering and deterioration o f clothes
Iron 0.3mg/l Poor taste, colour and turbidity,stains clothes, iron
bacteria can cause slime, chronic iron overload cou ld lead
to haemochromatosis
Manganese 0.3 mg/l Poor lathering and deterioration o f clothes
Aluminium 0.2 mg/l High risk associated with dialysis patients
Copper 1.5 mg/l Anaemia, digestive disturbances, live r and kidney damage,
gastrointestinal irritation,
Can cause bitter or metallic tasteand blue-green st ains on
plumbing fixtures
Zinc 15 mg/l Metallic taste, toxic and can be poisonous in large doses,
can lead to copper deficiency

29. Parameter BIS Guideline
value
(maximum
allowable)
General and health effect Ammonia 0.5 mg/lNone proposed for human, but toxic for aquatic life
Nitrite 45mg/l Forms nitrosoamineswhich are carcinoge nic,can
cause toxicity
Nitrate Can cause Blue baby disease
(methemoglobineamia)
Sulphate 400mg/l Taste affected, can have alaxative e ffect,may
causegastrointestinal irritation
Chloride 1000 mg/l Can lead to high blood pressure
Fluoride 1.5mg/l Dental and skeletal fluorosis

30. Parameter BIS Guideline value
(maximum
allowable)
General and health effect Arsenic 0.05 mg/l Skin problems, endocrine disruptor,
carcinogenic, affects cardiovascular and
nervous system
Mercury 0.001 mg/l Damage to brain, kidney, developing foetus,leads
to death at high levels
Cadmium 0.003 mg/l Short term –nausea, vomiting, diarr hoea,
muscle cramps, sensory disturbances, liver
injury, convulsions, shock and renal failure.
Long term –kidney, liver, bone and blood damage .
Lead 0.01 mg/l Reduces mental capacity (mental retardation),
interferes with kidney and neurological functions,
leads to hearing loss, blood disorders,
hypertension, death at high levels

31. Parameter BIS guideline
value (Maximum
allowable)
General and health
effects
Chromium0.05 mg/lNausea, gastrointestinal
distress, stomach ulcers,
skin ulcers, allergic
reactions, kidney and liver
damage,reproductive
problems, lung and nasal
cancer
DetergentUndesirable foaming

32. Pesticide residue limits
Parameter Limit General and health effects Alachlor 20 µg/l Skin or eye irritation in short term . Long term
exposure candamage the liver, kidneys, eyes and
spleen
Atrazine 2 µg/l Carcinigenicand endocrine disruptor
Aldrin/Dieldrin 0.03 µg/l Dizziness, vomiting, irrita bility in short term,
Convulsions and kidney damage in the long term
Alpha HCH 0.01 µg/l Blood disorders, dizziness, heada ches, changes in
the levels of sex hormones
Beta HCH 0.04 µg/l Blood disorders, dizziness, headac hes, changes in
the levels of sex hormones
Butachlor 125 µg/l Severe neurological and cardiovascu lar impacts on
ingestion

33. Parameter Limit General and health effects DDT 1 µg/l Vomiting, tremors or shakiness, and
seizures. Carcinogenic
Endosulfan(alpha,
beta and sulphate)
0.4 µg/l Neurotoxic, haemotoxic, genotoxic,
nephrotoxicand carcinogenic. Linked to
congenital physical disorders, mental
disabilities and deaths in farm workers
Malathion 190 µg/l Exposurecan lead to skin and eye
irritation, cramps, nausea, diarrhoea,
excessive sweating, seizures and even
death.

34. Parameter Limit General and healtheffects Chlorpyriphos 30 µg/l Vomiting, abdominal and muscle cramps,
muscle twitching, tremors and
weakness, and loss of coordination
Methyl parathion 0.3µg/l Neurotoxic
Phorate 2 µg/l Nausea, dizziness, confusion, respiratory
paralysis and death .