INDIAN THINKERS.pdf

Mahatma Gandhi

1. INDIAN THINKERS
MAHATMA GANDHI

2. INTRODUCTION
•Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi was a great Indian leader,
thinker and social reformer.
•He wanted to establish a free and casteless society with no
exploitation and racial discrimination, for this purpose, he used
education as an instrument.
•He was the first India n who advocated a scheme of education
based upon the essentialvalues of Indian culture and civilization.

3. MAHATMA GANDHI (1869-1948)
•Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, honored by people of India as the Father of
nation.
•A great leader, a practical philosopher and an educational thinker.
•Born on 2nd October,1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat.
•In 1893, he went to South Africa as a legal advisor.
•In 1914, Gandhi returned to India and continued his educational experin1ents
for a short time at the Shantiniketanand then at Sabarmati. ltwas at this time
that Gandhiji conceived the idea of idea of his new system of education.

4. GANDHIJI'S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
•Gandhiji evolved a philosophy of education as the dynamic side of his
philosophy of life. He viewed education as a potent instrument of social
reconstruction.
•On account of his new scheme of education known as ‘Basic education’
•Gandhiji is considered as the starting point of modem educational theory.

5. MEANINI: OF EDUCATION
•Literacy is neither the beginning nor the end of education.
•Education is a all round drawing out of the best in child and man, body, mind and spirit.
•Develop the child his hand, his brain and soul.
•True education come through a proper exercises and training of body organs.
•Gandhiji summed up his idea of true education accordingly
•Education is Development

6. AIMS OF EDUCATION
•Gandhiji divided educational aims into two categories such as:
•Immediate aims of education and
•Ultimate aims of education

7. IMMEDIATE AIM
•Vocational Aim
•Cultural Aim
•Character building Aim
•Perfect Development Aim
•Dignity of Labor
•Training for Leadership
•Individual and Social Aims

8. ULTIMATE AIM OF EDUCATION
•According to Gandhiji, the ultimate aim of education is to realize god. All other
aims are subservient to this supreme aim. It is the same aim of self-realization
which is coming down since the very early times of Indian wisdom and which
constitutes the essence of Indian philosophy .
•According to Gandhiji, "Devotement of the 1noral character, development of the
whole-all where directed towards the realization of the ultimate reality- the
1nerger of the finite being into the infinite." It is realizing godliness in himself.

9. CURRICULUM
•Gandhiji advocated life-centered and activity-centered curriculum.
He suggested domestic science for girls Knowledge and skill is
imparted through manual work and productive crafts having utility
value.
•Gandhiji included mother tongue, craft, arithmetic, social studies,
general science, art, music etc. as subjects of study. It is based on
the concept of learning by doing and learning while earning. The
curriculum should contain a basic craft in accordance with local
conditions.

10. METHODS OF TEACHING
•To achieve mental development, training of senses and parts of the body should be
given.
•Reading should precede the teaching of writing.
•Before teaching of alpha bets, art training should be given.
•More opportunities should be given for learning by doing.
•Encouragement should be given to learning by experience.
•Correlation should be established in the teaching methods and learning experiences.
•Mother tongue to be the medium of instruction.

11. METHODS OF TEACHING
•Productive craft as the basic of all education.
•Teaching through creative and productive activities.
•Teaching through creative and productive activities.
•Learning by living , service and participation, self-experience.
•Lecture, questioning and discussion method.
•Oral instruction to personal study.
•All syllabi should be woven around vocational training.

12. CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE
•His concept of discipline is based on self -control.
•Self control refers to inner discipline which leads to self -discipline.
•His concept of discipline was, however in tune with social discipline.
•He emphasized the value of self - discipline in Life.
•He assists that every individual is a productive citizen, a worker and a parent.
Education is to be recognized as a potent means for generating then us -feeling
among the individuals to make them, useful and responsible citizen of their
country

13. VIEWS ABOUT TEACHER
•Teachers must be well-trained, proficient, faithful, and enthusiasm, men of
knowledge, men of action and devotion, character and nationalistic feeling.
•Teachers are responsible for the shaping the personalities of their students.
•A teacher who teaches from textbooks does not impart originality to bis
pupils. So, be should teach from life.
•The teacher must learn the craft and correlate his knowledge to the craft
•At primary classes the teacher must be a n1other to the children she teaches.

14. VIEW ABOUT WOMEN EDUCATION
•Gandhiji was strongly in favor of women education. Women
education can help in uplifting the society and the nation. Women
can play a great role in educating their children.
•He said, "My greatest hope is in women, they want a helping hand
to lift them out of the hell in which they have been kept".

15. GANDHI'S SYSTEM OF BASIC EDUCATION
•To materialize the vision of society Gandhiji evolved a sche1ne of education. His ideas
revolutionized the current thinking about education.
•This scheme of education is known as Basic education or Wardha scheme of education or
Nationalization.
•This system is called by the name 'wardhascheme' because the salient features of this education
was first presented by Gandhiji in the All India National Education Conference held at Wardha
•(near Nagpur) on 22nd and 23rd of October, 1937.
•Gandhiji uses the term basic to describe his scheme of education because it is intimately related
•Moreover, it is closely related to the people living in the villages.

16. FEATURES OF BASIC EDUCATION
•The core aim of basic education is to help students to develop self-
sufficiency.
•Basic education laid a strong emphasis on manual work.
•There should be free, compulsory and universal education within the age
group 7 to 14.
•It envisages providing education through the medium of craft or productive
work so that the child gains economic self-reliance for his life.
•The medium of education should be mother tongue.

17. FEATURES OF BASIC EDUCATION
•It is aimed to achieve the harmonious development of the child 's body,
mind, heart and soul.
•It is geared to create useful, responsible and dynamic citizens.
•Play is an essential part of basic education.
•Subjects are taughtin correlationwithcraft, with
environmentand withother subjects

18. CONTRIBUTION OF GANDHIJI ON
EDUCATION
•Concept of education
•Education for citizenship
•Education for a new social order
•Practical nature of education
•Psychologically sound
•Sociologically sound
•Sound teaching techniques

19. CONCLUSION
•To Gandhiji, education was an integral part of a comprehensive
programmeof socio- economic re-construction of Indian society.
•Gandhiji Wrote:
•"My life is indivisible whole and all my activities run into one
another, and they all have their rise in a ny insatiable love for
mankind"

20. THANK YOU