INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY.pptx

ICP-MS

1. INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY COURSE NO: AEM 505 PRESENTED BY: SA KSHI PATIL AEM-MA-09-06

2. I ntroduction Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for analyzing trace metals in environmental samples and several non-metals at very low concentrations . ICP-MS is a type of mass spectrometry that uses an Inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample which are then detected. It can detect different isotopes of the same element, which makes it a versatile tool in Isotopic labeling. ICP-MS has greater speed, precision, and sensitivity.

3. P rinciple This technology couples use of an ICP with MS for elemental analysis by generation of ions. The ICP is involved in generation of a high temperature plasma source at 10,000 degree Celsius , sample is passed. The elements in the sample at such high temperature are ionized ( ICP converts the atoms of the element in the sample into ion ) and directed further into the MS. The ions enter into an electric field and are separtaed according to their mass/charge ratio by MS. The MS then sorts the ions according to their mass/charge ratio followed by directing them to an electron multiplier tube detector. The detector then identifies and quantifies each ion.

4. C omponent ICP - plasma is ionized by inductively heating the gas with an electromagnetic coil. P lasma is one of the four states of matter. it consists of free electrons, positive ions and neutral. A rgon gas is electrically heated to a high temperature ( > 6000 K ) plasma. Mass spectrometry - It is an analytical technique that measures the mass to charge ratio of ions, and record the abundance of each ion type

5. P rocess The process can be broken down into four stages : S ample introduction ICP torch I nterface MS

6. Sample Introduction The first step in ICP-MS is sample introduction. There are multiple ways in which a sample can be introduced, and the method of introduction depends on the physical characteristics of the sample.

7. contd.. S amples requiring ICP-MS analysis are in a liquid form. Therefore, liquid samples require sample nebulization . The liquid sample is pumped from a vial,via a peristaltic pump, into the nebulizer. If a solid sample requires analysis, the most likely method of introduction would be via electrothermal vaporization. An electrothermal vaporizer uses electric current to rapidly vaporize a solid sample, which can then be swept into the ICP torch via argon gas flow.

8. contd..

9. ICP Torch The ICP torch consists of a copper induction coil wrapped around a concentric quartz structure . Argon gas is continuously flowing throughout the quartz torch, and a radio-frequency generator provides power. Oscillating electric and magnetic fields are established at th e end o f torch and t hen the spark is aplies to argon it ionizes some of the argon, and the cations and electrons produced collide with other argon molecules during this acceleration, creating high temperatures. The aerosol produced via nebulization enters this high temperature plasma, where it is first dried to a solid, and then heated to a gas, referred to as atomization. These atoms will continue to travel through the plasma, absorbing energy until they release an electron, becoming ionized,referred to as ionization. These newly formed ions then travel out of the torch and come to the interface .

10. Interface T he interface can be described as the point at which sample from the ICP portion of the instrument is introduced to the mass spectrometry (MS) portion of the instrument. The interface portion of the instrument serves to allow the ICP and MS portions to be coupled. The first component after ionization in the ICP torch is the sampler cone. This is a water cooled cone with a small orifice, allowing for the hot plasma gas to enter a depressurizing chamber. In this chamber, rapid cooling, and thus rapid expansion, of the gas occurs. A fraction of this gas then passes through a skimmer cone, that is maintained at a vacuum required by MS.

11. Mass Spectrometry After passing through the sample and skimmer cones, the ion stream is focused into the quadrupole region by single ion lenses. Ions generated in plasma are nearly all positively charged and have a tendency to repel each other. The ions pass through a charged metallic cylinder which keeps the ion beam from diverging. Mass spectrometry is used to provide information about the elemental composition of samples of matter, the structures of inorganic, organic, and biological molecules; the qualitative and quantitative composition of complex mixtures, the structure and composition of solid surfaces, and isotopic ratios of atoms in samples.

12. contd.. Energetic electrons collide with analyte molecules and impart enough energy to leave the molecules in an excited state. Relaxation then often occurs by fragmentation of part of the molecular ions to produce ions of lower masses. Ions are dispersed in the mass analyzer based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Mass spectrometers require low pressures in all of the instrument components except the signal processor and read out.

13. A pplication s Environmental : water, soil, plant material Clinical : blood: urine, serum Food Analysis : nutrition Pharmaceutical : heavy metal contamination, drug Nuclear : fuel production, radioisotopes Geological : rocks, sediments Archaelogical : tooth, bone Forensics : poisoning, gun shot residue

14. Refrence Balcaen.L.,Bolea.E.,Resano.M.,Vanhaecke.F., 2015, Inductively coupled plasma – Tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS): A powerful and universal tool for the interference-free determination of (ultra) trace elements – A tutorial review, Vol 894, pp . 7-19 Bazilio .A., Weinrich .J., 2012, The Easy Guide to:Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), pp . 2-11

15. Thank you !