Industerl safety and environmental safty(5).pptx

Safty for oil and gas engineering

1. Industrial safety Lecture 1

2. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

3. Type of pollution Chemical pollution is defined as the presence or increase in our environment of chemical pollutants that are not naturally present there or are found in amounts higher than their natural background values. The most environmental pollutants that harm human health are lead, hydrogen sulfur, mercury compounds, cadmium, arsenic, cyanide compounds, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and oil.

4. Radioactive contamination , is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is undesirable. Such contamination presents a hazard because the radioactive decay of the contaminants produces ionizing radiation (namely alpha, beta, gamma rays and free neutrons). The degree of hazard is determined by the concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted, the type of radiation, and the proximity of the contamination to organs of the body.

5. Biological contamination This pollution is considered one of the oldest types of environmental pollution known to man, and it arises as a result of the presence of bacteria, fungi, and others in the water, air, or soil. These organisms mix with the food a person eats, the water he drinks,or the air he breathes, leading to disease. Biological pollution occurs when sewage water is discharged without chemical treatment into fresh water resources, or due to the spread of household garbage in the streets without observing health rules in collecting, transporting, and disposing of it in a scientific manner

6. Noise pollution is an invisible danger. It cannot be seen, but it is present nonetheless, both on land and under the sea. Noise pollution is considered to be any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and other organisms, Sound is measured in decibels.

7. Thermal pollution , sometimes called "thermal enrichment", is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. Thermal pollution is the rise or drop in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. Thermal pollution, unlike chemical pollution, results in a change in the physical properties of water.

8. Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. It is also the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment either by chemical, physical, or biological agents that alters the natural features of the atmosphere.