Industrial Instrumentation An Introduction

This slide comprises a very rudimentary introduction of Industrial Instrumentation.
These slides may help students understand the aspects the Industrial Instrumentation.

1. INDUSTRIAL
INSTRUMENTATION
An Introduction
ER. FARUK BIN POYEN
DEPT. OF AEIE, UIT, BU, BURDWAN, WB, INDIA
[email protected]

2. Contents:
1.Functional Elements of Instruments
2.Performance Characteristics
1.Static Characteristics
2.Dynamic Characteristics
3.Static Errors
4.Dynamic Response
3.Statistical Analysis
4.Units of Measurement
5.Standards of Measurement
6.Signal Conditioning
7.Classification of Instruments
8.Measurement of Industrial Parameters
2

3. Definition:Instrumentationisthatbranchofengineering
thatprimarilydealswithsensing,measurementandcontrol.
Functional Elements of Instruments
3
Thefundamentalobjectiveof
instrumentationinaprocessplant
orenvironmentistocollectdata
fromdifferentprocessparameters
andtosubsequentlymonitorthe
obtainedvalues.
Fig 1: Functional Elements of Instrument

4. Performance Characteristics: 4
Fig 2: Performance Characteristics of Instruments
Important to select the most suited instrument for specific application

5. Characteristics: Static & Dynamic 5
Fig 3: Static Characteristics Fig 4: Dynamic Characteristics

6. Errors & Dynamic Responses 6
Fig 5: Static Errors Fig 6: Dynamic Response

7. Order of Instruments
Zero Order
First Order
Second Order
7
Fig 7: 0
th
Order Fig 8: 1
st
Order
Fig 9: 2
nd
Order
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8. Statistical Analysis:
Significant Figure
Collection of Data
Classification of Data
Measurement of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Measure of Skewness
Normal or Gaussian Probability Curve
Rejection of Data
8
Statisticalanalysisissignificantasitpermitsanalyticaldeterminationofqualmsofclosingoutcomes.
Statisticalanalysisbecomesstrongerwithbiggernumberofsamplesizethereforeitdemandsalarge
numberofmeasurement.
Statisticalanalysisallowsustodecidethebestassessmentpossiblefromcertaindataandestablishthe
restrictionsofuncertaintyintrinsicinthesporadicdistributionofdata.

9. Units of Measurement 9
Fig 10: Measurement Units

10. Standards of Measurement 10
Fig 11: Measurement Standards

11. Signal Conditioning:
1Signal Amplification, reverse phenomenon is “attenuation”
a)Mechanical Amplification such gears, levers and/or combination
b)Hydraulic/Pneumatic Amplification employing constrictions.
c)Optical Amplification using lenses, mirrors and/or combination
d)Electrical Amplification using basic circuits and/or integrated circuits.
2.Signal Filtration by removal of unwanted noises
a)Mechanical Filters
b)Pneumatic Filters
c)Electrical Filters
3.Signal Compensation/Signal Linearization
4.Differentiation/Integration
5.Analog –to –Digital /Digital –to Analog Conversion
6.Signal Averaging/Signal Sampling
11

12. Classification of Instruments 12
Fig 12: Classification of Instruments

13. Measurement of Industrial Parameters:
Forproperunderstandingofanymeasurementsystemonemustunderstand
andknowtheseissuesaboutthatmeasurementsystem.
Basic Principle of Operation,
Block Diagram,
Schematic Diagram,
Range,
Advantages
Disadvantages
13

14. Measurement of Industrial Parameters:14
Fig 13: Four most basic Industrial Parameters
Four Principal parameters
1.Flow
2.Level
3.Temperature
4.Pressure
Other Parameters
1. Density Measurement
2. Viscosity Measurement
3. pH Measurement
4. Conductivity Measurement

15. INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION
-
INTRODUCTION
Er
. FARUK BIN POYEN
15

16. References:
Chapter1:BasicConceptsandQualitiesofMeasurement,“IndustrialInstrumentationandControl”,3
rd
Edition,SKSingh,TataMcGawHill,NewDelhi,2009.ISBN-13:978-0-07-026222-5.
Chapter2:UnitsandStandardsofMeasurement,“IndustrialInstrumentationandControl”,3
rd
Edition,SK
Singh,TataMcGawHill,NewDelhi,2009.ISBN-13:978-0-07-026222-5.
Chapter1:IntroductiontoInstrumentsandTheirRepresentation,“Instrumentation,Measurementand
Analysis”,2
nd
Edition,BCNakra,KKChaudhry,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2005.ISBN:0-07-048296-9.
Chapter2:StaticPerformanceCharacteristicsofInstruments,“Instrumentation,Measurementand
Analysis”,2
nd
Edition,BCNakra,KKChaudhry,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2005.ISBN:0-07-048296-9.
Chapter3:DynamicCharacteristicsofInstruments,“Instrumentation,MeasurementandAnalysis”,2
nd
Edition,BCNakra,KKChaudhry,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2005.ISBN:0-07-048296-9.
Chapter20:BasicStatisticalConcepts,“Instrumentation,MeasurementandAnalysis”,2
nd
Edition,BC
Nakra,KKChaudhry,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2005.ISBN:0-07-048296-9.
Chapter21:NormalDistribution,“Instrumentation,MeasurementandAnalysis”,2
nd
Edition,BCNakra,K
KChaudhry,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2005.ISBN:0-07-048296-9.
Chapter22:GraphicalRepresentationandCurveFittingofData,“Instrumentation,Measurementand
Analysis”,2
nd
Edition,BCNakra,KKChaudhry,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2005.ISBN:0-07-048296-9.
Chapter1:Introduction,“FundamentalsofIndustrialInstrumentation”,1
st
Edition,WileyIndiaPvt.Ltd.
NewDelhi,2011.ISBN:978-81-265-2882-0.
Chapter2:Introduction,“DynamicCharacteristics”,1
st
Edition,WileyIndiaPvt.Ltd.NewDelhi,2011.
ISBN:978-81-265-2882-0.
Chapter1:CharacteristicsofMeasurementSystem,“PrinciplesofIndustrialInstrumentation”,D
Patranabis,TataMcGraw-Hill,NewDelhi,2004,ISBN:0-07-462334-6.
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