Industrial production of penicillin.ppt

Industrial productioon of penicillin.
penicillin is a group of antibiotic obtained from fungi mold Penicillium notatum (in begining) ,Penicillium chrysogenum (used in present days due to high yield) and P. rubens. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum .
First discovered Antibiotic.
Discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
Penicillin is a group of antibiotics which includes Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Amoxillin, Ampicillin, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxallin, Carbenicillin, Propicillin and Benzathine penicillin.
Narrow spectrum antibiotic
Cell wall inhibitor – Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis.
More effective against Gram positive bacteria.

5 steps in penicillin production
1.Selection of microorganism
2.Selection of raw materials
3. Preparation of inoculum
4. Fermentation process
5. Product recovery

1. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
OF PENICILLIN
J. JOYCE ANGEL
II MSC APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
SACRED HEART COLLEGE
TIRUPATTUR

2. PENICILLIN
Penicillinsare a group ofβ-lactam antibioticsobtained
fromPenicilliummoulds, mainlyP. chrysogenumandP. rubens.
Most penicillinsin clinical use are synthesised byP. chrysogenum.
FirstdiscoveredAntibiotic.
DiscoveredbyAlexanderFlemingin1928.
Cellwallinhibitor–Inhibitspeptidoglycansynthesis.
PenicillinisagroupofantibioticswhichincludesPenicillinG,Penicillin
V,Amoxillin,Ampicillin,Methicillin,Oxacillin,Dicloxallin,Carbenicillin,
PropicillinandBenzathinepenicillin
Narrowspectrumantibiotic
MoreeffectiveagainstGrampositivebacteria.

3. Penicillium chrysogenum

4. Penicillin

5. Steps Involved In Penicillin Production
1.Selection of microorganism
2.Selection of raw materials
3.Preparation of inoculum
4.Fermentation process
5.Product recovery

6. 1.SelectionofMicroorganisms
•Fungimold–Penicilliumnotatum(inbegining)and
Penicilliumchrysogenum(usedinpresentdaysdueto
highyield).
TheproductionstrainPenicilliumchrysogenumwasstored
bythreemethods.
i.Mixingofsporesuspensionwithsterileinertsupport
(soilorsand)anddessicated(extremedryness).
ii.Lyophilizationofsporesuspension(Freezedrying).
iii.StorageofsporesuspensioninLiquidnitrogenina
frozenstate.

7. 2. Selection Of Raw Materials
i.Abundantgrowthofmycelium
ii.Maximumaccumulationofpenicillin
iii.Easeofextractionandpurificationofantibiotic
•Carbonsources–Lactoseactsasasatisfactorycarbonsource.
GlucoseandSucrosemaybeusedasasubstitutesforLactose.
GlycerolandSorbitolarelessused.
•Nitrogensources–Ammoniumsulphate,Ammoniumacetate
andAmmoniumlactate.Nitrogenisoftensuppliedas
Ammoniagas.Cornsteepliquoralsosuppliescheapand
readilyavailablenitrogen.
•Mineralsources–Potassium,Phosphorous,Magnesium,
Sulphur,IronandCopper.

8. 3. Preparation Of Inoculum
•Theaimistodevelopapureinoculuminsufficientvolume.
•Twotypesofinoculum:
i.Seedstageculture:Fungalsporesarecollectedby
microchapperandinoculateinfermentationmedium.
ii.Productionstageculture:Fungalmyceliumisdirectly
inoculatedinfermenter.Liquidmediumisused.

9. Microbial Inoculation Methods
Threeinoculationmethods:
i.Dryspores:Inoculationofdrysporesinthefermentation
medium.
ii.Suspensionofspores:Anon–toxic,laurylsulfonateorsterile
waterisusedtomakesuspension.Suchsuspensionmaybe
appliedbySpraygunsorPipettes.
iii.Pelletinoculum:Suspensionofgerminatedspores,withthe
formationofmycelialgrowthatthesurfaceofmedium–pellets.

10. Fermentation Medium
•ThemediumsuggestedbyMoyerandCoghill(1946)wasused
fortheindustrialproductionofPenicillin.
Glycerol – 7.5g/L
CaneMolasses – 7.5g/L
CornSteepLiquor – 2.5g/L
MgSO4.7H2O – 0.050g/L
KH2PO4 – 0.060g/L
Peptone – 5.0g/L
NaCl – 4.0g/L
IronTartarate – 0.005g/L
CuSO4.5H2O – 0.004g/L
Agar – 2.50g/L

11. 4. Fermentation Process
Rawmaterial/syntheticmediumisaddedinfermenter
Inoculationoffungalmycelium
Temperature20-24°C
pH6.5-7
Incubation6-7days

12. 5. Recovery Process
Filteration mycelial removal (vacuum filter)
Add phosphoric acid -lowers pH
Precipitation of penicillin
Broth is extracted by counter current extraction method with
organic solvent (alkyl butyl acetate/ amyl acetate)

13. Recocvery Process –Contd
Back extract penicillin by adding inorganic solvent KOH /
NaOH to form salt of penicillin
Salt of penicillin
Wash, filter, dry
Chemical / enzymatic modification of penicillin

14. •Penicillin fermenter

15. Thank You