Industrial waste

industrial waste

1. INDUSTRIAL WASTE

2. SOURCES it is caused by emission of industrial waste [effluent] into water bodies. It is the main source –of water pollution Industrial waste includes organic pollutants &toxic chemical. i.e heavy metals Acid & alkalies Oils,lubricant,petroleum &grease Industrial waste enters from- Iron & steel industry Food industry Mines Organic chemical industries –which includes paints , dyes,pesticides,detergents,paper etc.

3. POLLUTANTS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAVY METALS LEAD MERCURY PAINT INDUSTRY,SMELTINGCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LEAD INHIBIT ACTION OF BODILY ENZYMES MERCURY TRANSFORMS INTO WATER SOLUBLE METHYLMERCURY BY BACTERIAL ACTION &THUS CONTAMINATES FISH ACIDS SULPHIRIC ACID MINE DRAINAGE ACID CAUSES CORROSION OF METAL & CONCRETE ALKALIES TEXTILE &PAPER INDUSTRY ALKALIES IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE AFFECTS AQUATIC LIFE OIL OIL REFINERIES OIL WASTE IS HARMFUL FOR FISH & MARINE BIRDS PETROCHEMICAL PETROLEUM PLANTS PETROCHEMICAL ARE TOXIC TO MARINE LIFE

4. THREE TYPES OF POLLUTANTS FOOD INDUSTRY ORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY

5. Food industry The constituents of food & agricultural waste water are often complex to predict Vegetable washing – generate waste water with –increased particulate matter Animal processing- generate waste water with – added antibiotics,pesticides etc. Organic chemistry industry These industries manufracture or use , complex organic chemicals which includes pesticides , paints,detergent,plastics etc. the organic chemicals contaminate waste water with –reactant material, by products, cleaning agents etc.

6. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY Conservation of iron to steel , contaminates waste water with – hydraulic oils. Treating iron & steel products for galvanizing [coating with zinc] or chromium plating results in acidic rinse waters in waste waters

7. Causes of water pollution Off shore drilling Offshore drilling involves exploring of oil and gas beneath the ocean floor. Before drilling an offshore oil-well, geologist first locate the wells using magnetic surveys . This is followed by drilling –‘exploratory wells’ to find out if there is a source of oil below . On discovery of oil or gas a – ‘production well’ is drilled and an ‘oil ring’ is built to replace the exploratory drilling rig.

8. Sources of water pollution from off shore oil drilling are: Drilling fluid Drilling mud or fluid is pumped into the well during drilling to cool, lubricate and regulate the pressure while drilling .Residual drilling is claimed to be toxic and contains heavy metals and petroleum products of various concentrations Impact of drilling fluid-it affects the health and reproduction of marine animals Oil spills or leaks It is the leakage of oil and petroleum products into sea water due to accidents of ships and oil tankers or leakages of pipelines or storage tanks . They occur when oil is produced –from offshore well and stored temporarily or may also happen during transportation by pipes or tankers Other sources-oil refineries ,petrochemical plants, automobile waste etc

9. Impact of pollution Damage caused by oil spills-on marine organisms -fish , reptiles ,amphibians and birds that live in or near the ocean are badly affected by oil wastes which may contain volatile organic compounds. -oil spills deteriorates –thermal insulation and damages reproductive system . Gills of fish get coated with oil leading to their death . it interrupts the food chain, which may cause extinction of species. It penetrates birds feathers and affects its buoyancy. Oil spreads on water surface and thus reduces the amount of oxygen in water . On reaching coast it harms coastal marine life.

10. Control of pollution Methods to improve offshore oil drilling – to reduce water pollution Apply a complete environmental assessment analysis before oil drilling Use drilling fluids which are biodegradable and have low aquatic toxicity . Develop better pollution control measures which include removal of oil by skimming or filtering ,dispersing oil into smaller droplets and removing ‘oil clumps’by using cogulating agents.

11. water pollution

12. Treatment of water pollution- from domestic sewage and industrial waste A typical waste water system for sewage i.e. waste water generated from house hold activity consist of a network of wastes Sewer lateral pipe- is waste water pipe which collects sewage from house hold. Sewer main pipe-is the larger pipe on main street which connects from sewer lateral pipe. The waste water from sewer main pipe is then led to – water treatment plant .

13. B.Treatment of waste water - basic water treatment plant process Wastes removed from water screen Large waste material-such as leaves,rocks,twigs,etc.are easily removed 2.coagulation Coagulated suspended impurities – are removed by adding coagulants,which settle out are-removed before filtration of water 3.sedimentation Solid suspended particle – settle down in sedimentation tank 4.Biological treatment Biodegradable waste i.e. dissolved and suspended biological matter –is treated with water-borne microbes which metabolize the organic matter in waste giving an easily removable solid mass and inorganic end products. 5.filtration Remaining pollutants-are removed by passing water through sand and gravel filters 6.disinfection Remaining pathogen-are killed by liquid chlorine

14. Water treatment plant

15. MAIN THREE STAGES OF WATER TREATMENT Primary treatment Materials removed: organic and inorganic solids Method: Sedimentation{for suspended solids} Skimmimng {for light solids,oil&grease } Secondary treatment Materials removed: dissolved and suspended biological matter Method: Biological oxidation of organic matter Micro organisms break down chemical matter Chlorine kills the Micro organisms   Tertiary treatment Materials removed: any remaining chemicals, minerals or organic matter Method: Physical disinfection Uses of chemicals Final disinfection:with usage of ozone disinfection &UV treatments  

16. Industrial effluent treatment methods Oil and grease: oil water seperator Acids and alkallies:neutralization under controlled conditions Organic materials in waste water:distillation & absorbtion Bio degradable organics: Activated sludge process(aerobic biochemical process) Biological trickling filter process