Industrial Wastes.pptx

Chemical engineering lecture

1. Industrial waste

2. Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process of factories, mills and mines. Industrial waste refers to the solid, liquid and gaseous emissions, residual and unwanted wastes from an industrial operation. Industrial waste

3. Industrial wastes are hazardous since they may be toxic, ignitable, reactive and leading to extensive pollution. Among the great variety of industrial wastes that are generated gases, acids, metallic compounds, oils, radioactive and complex synthetic chemicals. Industrial waste

4. To some extent, people divide industrial waste into 2 major categories: waste from heavy industry and waste from light industry. It contains a wide range of complex components. To simplify, put them into 3 core states: solid, liquid and gas. Solid waste Liquid waste Gaseous waste Types of Industrial waste

5. Solid waste refers to non-soluble material such as agricultural refuse, industrial waste, mining residues, demolition waste, municipal garbage or even sewage sludge. Industrial solid waste generated from processing plants and factories such as metals, chemicals, plastic and building materials etc. If these wastes are not properly disposed or recycled, certainly, they will be dropped out the surrounding environment and then damage people’s lives. Solid waste

6. Liquid waste can be defined as the presence, of some foreign substances or impurities (organic, inorganic, radiological or biological) in water in such a quantity so as to constitute a health hazard by lowering the water quality and making it unfit for use. The origin of liquid industrial waste is oil refinery, cement, fertilizers, paint and rubber industries, sugar mills, cooking oil factories, paper manufacturing plants and food processing plants etc. Liquid waste

7. Waste from these industries mainly contains hazardous material and contain hundreds of toxic chemicals which are discarded to rivers, lakes and seas. Every year, there are so many circumstances of liquid waste that cause severe damages to both human health and environment. Liquid waste

8. Gaseous waste is defined as uncontrolled airborne emissions and effluents. These emissions consist of gas, mist, smoke, vapor, matter, fumes or any combinations. Gaseous waste primarily comes out as a result of industries such as manufacturing, processing and consumption of various materials. Gaseous industrial waste comes from internal-combustion engines, thermal power stations and manufacturing plants and mostly released from chimney of industries. Gaseous waste

9. It is very important to figure out the effects of industrial waste on environment . There are 3 main consequences. In the first place, industrial gaseous waste causes air pollution. Using fossil fuels such as gas, coal and oil to create electricity for power industries and manufacturing operations can produce toxic chemicals that are generated to the air through chimneys and exhaust pipes. Effects of industrial waste on environment

10. Most of air pollutants include NOx , COx , SOx , etc. These chemicals increase the risks of suffering from cancer and affects the respiratory systems . They can also cause ozone depletion and global warming. Effects of industrial waste on environment

11. More than that, the gaseous stream containing high amounts of SO 2 , NO 2 and CO 2 from contaminated lakes and rivers by acid rain that can cause many diseases for people and animals. Effects of industrial waste on environment

12. Next, water can be contaminated from pollutants entering the water sources from waste industries. Most of the industries drop their waste directly into the lakes, rivers and seas without treatment which makes water sources full of chemicals and turn into black. Water pollution poisons drinking water, damages the surroundings of marine animals and irrigation systems of agriculture. Effects of industrial waste on environment

13. People could not drink contaminated water, fishes and other animals couldn’t live in dirty environment and agriculture is in a shortage of water. Even, black rivers, lakes worsen the beautiful images of our planet. As a result, every creature can’t exist anymore. Effects of industrial waste on environment

14. Industrial solid waste can result in soil pollution. Soil pollution is defined as soil contaminated with liquid and solid toxic waste. Waste products from manufacturing, effluent from industries and fuel spills are the main reason causing soil pollution. Pollutants in soil lessen the quality of soil and creating problems in agriculture and destroying local vegetation. Effects of industrial waste on environment

15. It also causes chronic health issues for the people that come in contact with such soil on a daily basis. Besides, soil pollution may be hazardous to children’s brain, make people headaches and eye irritation. In brief, the effects of industrial waste on environment are very great. Industrial waste causes air, soil and water pollution that are very harmful to people’s health. People should spend their time learning about effects of industrial waste on environment and then find out solutions to limit these consequences before it is too late. Effects of industrial waste on environment

16. WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS AND ITS TREATMENT

17. The growth of modern industries and world population bring out a huge amount of waste to our society. In order to survive in the near future, people have to control the waste at any cost. Solid waste management is concerned with collecting, transporting, recycling and disposing waste material. Solid waste management

18. It is rather effective in reducing pollution, conserving energy and natural resources. Solid waste management occupies an important position in the improvement of our society. There are 3 main methods of solid waste management, namely land filling, incineration and recycling. Solid waste management

19. The first method of solid waste management is land filling. Landfills are used to treat waste by burying it under the soil. Land filling has traditionally been a primary method of waste disposal under the dirt and the let them decompose. Garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from blowing around. That method is very economical and convenient. However, we have to consider its bad side. Land Filling

20. We should detect methane gas production and groundwater contamination when burying solid waste under the soil. Many landfills do not meet the requirements and guarantee the quality of Environmental Protection Agency. New landfills are opposed because of public concern about groundwater contamination, costs of transportation and spaces for landfills. Land Filling

21. Nevertheless, as a piece of fact, land filling causes some environment problems, namely groundwater pollution, bad odor and methane. Now, a new kind of landfill is designed to minimize these consequences. Modern landfills often contain a gas extraction system to take out the gas generated during waste decomposing process. Next, this amount of gas will be used to produce electricity. However, fewer and fewer landfills are established because of their bad odor and consuming many spaces. In fact, no one likes living in the areas of landfills. Land Filling

22. Another method of solid waste management is incineration which is defined as converting waste into heat to generate steam. In this method highly combustible waste like plastics, cardboard, paper, rubber, wood scrap etc are subjected to incineration. It is one of the most effective ways to manage solid waste. Incineration

23. Incinerators dramatically reduce the amount of solid waste (up to 90% by volume and 75% by weight). That method minimizes the weak points of landfills. It requires fewer spaces than land filling and can be operated in any weather. Unlike landfills, it produces stable odor that is better than the previous methods. Incineration

24. However, incineration still has some limitation because it is expensive to build and operate incinerators and in need of skilled personnel and continuous maintenance and primary risks of incineration include air quality problem, toxicity and ash. Even when using modern techniques to control pollution, small amounts of pollutants are still generated into the environment and it costs much money to treat the ash generated by incineration. Incineration

25. The third method of solid waste management is recycling which accounts for 30% of the total solid waste management. People consider recycling to be the most effective way to manage waste. It refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials. It seems the best way to reduce pollution, conserve resources, save energy. Recycling

26. The most common recyclable materials are aluminum cans, steel, bottles and papers and PVC plastic bags, containers, glass etc. The recycled materials will be then used to make new products which have the same purposes as the ones made from raw materials. Actually, recycling is environmentally friendly but not all kinds of solid waste can such as medical waste and the cost of recycling is so high. Recycling

27. To sum up, there are 3 primary methods of solid waste management, including land filling, incineration and recycling. Each method owns distinguish strengths and weaknesses. It is better to combine these methods to gain the best utility. More than that, people should pay much attention to waste management and spend more on waste industries. Recycling