INDUSTRY UNIT -1.pptx, INDUSTRIALISATION

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

1. Unit I BASICS OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2. Syllabus / Contents (5 Sessions) Need – Reason for Adopting Industry 4.0 Definition – Goals and Design Principles Technologies of Industry 4.0 Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business Impact of Industry 4.0 on Government & People

3. Evolution of Industry from 1.0 to 4.0 Before digging too much deeper into the what, why, and how of Industry 4.0, it’s beneficial to first understand how exactly manufacturing has evolved since the 1800s. There are four distinct industrial revolutions that the world either has experienced or continues to experience today . The First Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution The Third Industrial Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0

4. The First Industrial Revolution The first industrial revolution happened between the late 1700s and early 1800s. During this period of time, manufacturing evolved from focusing on manual labor performed by people and aided by work animals to a more optimized form of labor performed by people through the use of water and steam-powered engines and other types of machine tools.

5. The Second Industrial Revolution In the early part of the 20th century, the world entered a second industrial revolution with the introduction of steel and use of electricity in factories. The introduction of electricity enabled manufacturers to increase efficiency and helped make factory machinery more mobile. It was during this phase that mass production concepts like the assembly line were introduced as a way to boost productivity.

6. The Third Industrial Revolution Starting in the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution slowly began to emerge, as manufacturers began incorporating more electronic—and eventually computer—technology into their factories. During this period, manufacturers began experiencing a shift that put less emphasis on analog and mechanical technology and more on digital technology and automation software.

7. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0 In the past few decades, a fourth industrial revolution has emerged, known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 takes the emphasis on digital technology from recent decades to a whole new level with the help of interconnectivity through the Internet of Things ( IoT ), access to real-time data, and the introduction of cyber-physical systems. Industry 4.0 offers a more comprehensive, interlinked, and holistic approach to manufacturing. It connects physical with digital, and allows for better collaboration and access across departments, partners, vendors, product, and people. Industry 4.0 empowers business owners to better control and understand every aspect of their operation, and allows them to leverage instant data to boost productivity, improve processes, and drive growth.

8. Basic IIoT Concepts and Glossary of Terms There are hundreds of concepts and terms that relate to IIoT and Industry 4.0, but here are 13 foundational words and phrases to know before you decide whether you want to invest in Industry 4.0 solutions for your business : Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):  Business process management tools that can be used to manage information across an organization. IoT :  IoT stands for Internet of Things, a concept that refers to connections between physical objects like sensors or machines and the Internet. IIoT :  IIoT stands for the Industrial Internet of Things, a concept that refers to the connections between people, data, and machines as they relate to manufacturing. Big data:  Big data refers to large sets of structured or unstructured data that can be compiled, stored, organized, and analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, associations, and opportunities .

9. Basic IIoT Concepts and Glossary of Terms – Contd. Artificial intelligence (AI):  Artificial intelligence is a concept that refers to a computer’s ability to perform tasks and make decisions that would historically require some level of human intelligence. M2M:  This stands for machine-to-machine, and refers to the communication that happens between two separate machines through wireless or wired networks. Digitization:  Digitization refers to the process of collecting and converting different types of information into a digital format. Smart factory:  A smart factory is one that invests in and leverages Industry 4.0 technology, solutions, and approaches. Machine learning:  Machine learning refers to the ability that computers have to learn and improve on their own through artificial intelligence—without being explicitly told or programmed to do so.

10. Basic IIoT Concepts and Glossary of Terms – Contd. Cloud computing:  Cloud computing refers to the practice of using interconnected remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process information. Real-time data processing:  Real-time data processing refers to the abilities of computer systems and machines to continuously and automatically process data and provide real-time or near-time outputs and insights. Ecosystem:  An ecosystem, in terms of manufacturing, refers to the potential connectedness of your entire operation—inventory and planning, financials, customer relationships, supply chain management, and manufacturing execution. Cyber-physical systems (CPS):  Cyber-physical systems, also sometimes known as cyber manufacturing, refers to an Industry 4.0-enabled manufacturing environment that offers real-time data collection, analysis, and transparency across every aspect of a manufacturing operation . Now that you have a better understanding of some of the core concepts related to Industry 4.0, you’re ready to dig deeper into how smart manufacturing can revolutionize the way you run and grow your business.

11. Need For 4.O - Why is Industry 4.0 Needed ? Reason for Adopting Industry 4.0 How you know if your existing business needs Industry 4.0 technologies ? - Here’s a checklist. Your business belongs to a competitive industry with many tech-savvy rivals You are facing difficulties recruiting resources at your organization You expect greater visibility across the supply chain You must identify minor issues before they turn into more significant problems and address them You are eager to boost profitability and efficiency across the organization You want the entire organization to be informed and stay updated with a relevant view of business processes and production You want timely and rich analytics You require help to digitize and make the information relevant You aspire to improve overall customer satisfaction and experience You want to scale up the quality of your product and maintain it You want to create an integrated ERP system spanning across inventory as well as planning, financials, supply chain management, manufacturing execution, and customer relationships You expect a flexible and consistent view of business operations tailored to exact areas You are looking for real-time insights to feel better and make faster business decisions each day

12. What is Industry 4.0 ? - Definition Industry 4.0 is defined as the name for the latest trends of data exchange and automation in manufacturing technologies, such as the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, cognitive computing, cloud computing, and building intelligent factories. It is the revolutionary digital transformation of production/manufacturing and other related industries and processes that create value. Its characteristics include: More automation compared to the third revolution Bridging gaps between the digital and physical world through cyber-physical systems introduced by IIoT A significant shift from the central industrial control to a place where the latest intelligent products define the steps of production Closed-loop control systems and data models Product customization/personalization

13. Goals of 4.O Enhance Workforce Productivity Improve Customer Experience Production Automation Manufacturing & Supply Chain Integration Product Optimization Asset Tracking & Management Digitization of Production & Processes Speed Time to Market of New Products

14. Goals – Contd. The goal of industry 4.0 is to keep changing due to various factors like location, availability of technical staff, resistance among staff against the 4.0, and support of all the stakeholders. However, some defined goals are as follows:- Enables machine with various sensors, so that machine may talk to each other. Establish a notion of automation in all sorts of industries. Take a next leap forward which also involves artificial intelligence, cloud computing. Increase productivity and effectiveness of factories by more than 15 per cent by various technical interventions. Make industries more employable and more profitable for all the stakeholders.

15. Design Principles There are four design principles in Industry 4.0. These principles support companies in identifying and implementing Industry 4.0 scenarios . Interconnection: The ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things ( IoT ) or the Internet of People ( IoP ) Information transparency: The transparency afforded by Industry 4.0 technology provides operators with vast amounts of useful information needed to make appropriate decisions. Inter-connectivity allows operators to collect immense amounts of data and information from all points in the manufacturing process, thus aiding functionality and identifying key areas that can benefit from innovation and improvement .

16. Design Principles – Contd. Technical assistance: First, the ability of assistance systems to support humans by aggregating and visualizing information comprehensively for making informed decisions and solving urgent problems on short notice. Second, the ability of cyber physical systems to physically support humans by conducting a range of tasks that are unpleasant, too exhausting, or unsafe for their human co-workers. Decentralized decisions: The ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as autonomously as possible. Only in the case of exceptions, interference, or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level .

17. Technologies of Industry 4.0

18. THE NINE TECHNOLOGIES DRIVING INDUSTRY 4.0 Additive Manufacturing Augmented Reality Autonomous Robots Big Data and Analytics The Cloud Cybersecurity Horizontal and Vertical System Integration The Industrial Internet of Things Simulation

19. 9 Techs of I4.O – 1. Additive Manufacturing The classic example of additive manufacturing is 3D printing. Instead of prototyping individual components, companies can now produce small batches of customized products. The resulting advantages include the speedy manufacturing of complex, lightweight designs.

20. 9 Techs of I4.O – 2. Augmented Reality Augmented reality (AR) systems support a variety of services, such as selecting parts in a warehouse and sending repair instructions over mobile devices. With AR, companies can provide workers with real-time information that improves decision making and work procedures.

21. 9 Techs of I4.O – 3. Autonomous Robots Autonomous robots can interact with one another and work safely side by side with humans. These robots will cost less and have an increasing range of capabilities over time.

22. 9 Techs of I4.O – 4. Big Data and Analytics In an Industry 4.0 context, the collection and comprehensive evaluation of data from many different sources—production equipment and systems as well as enterprise- and customer-management systems—will become table stakes.

23. 9 Techs of I4.O – 5. The Cloud The more production-related initiatives a company undertakes, the more it needs to share data across sites. Meanwhile , cloud technologies continue to get faster and more powerful. Companies will increasingly deploy machine data and analytics to the cloud, thus enabling more data-driven services for production systems.

24. 9 Techs of I4.O – 6. Cybersecurity It’s no surprise that Industry 4.0 boosts increased connectivity and the use of standard communications protocols. As a result, the need to protect critical industrial systems and manufacturing lines from cybersecurity threats rises dramatically . For this reason, secure, reliable communications, together with sophisticated access management for machines and identity verification of users, are essential.

25. 9 Techs of I4.O – 7. Horizontal and Vertical System Integration Industry 4.0 allows companies, departments, functions, and capabilities to become much more cohesive. Cross-company , universal data-integration networks evolve and enable truly automated value chains.

26. 9 Techs of I4.O – 8. The Industrial Internet of Things Industry 4.0 means that more devices are enriched with embedded computing. This process allows devices to communicate and interact both with one another and with more centralized controllers. It also decentralizes analytics and decision making, thus enabling responses in real time.

27. 9 Techs of I4.O – 9. Simulation Simulations are a cornerstone of the industrial revolution 4.0. They’re used extensively in plant operations to leverage real-time data and to mirror the physical world. Done right, these models allow operators to test and optimize settings in numerous variations, thereby driving down machine setup times and increasing quality.

28. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business, Government, People

29. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business There is no doubt that the Fourth Industrial Revolution has raised our global economy and income levels. It can improve quality of life and has provided new products and services to millions of world citizens. We have been able to enjoy the digital world's efficiency through online shopping, digital wallets, ridesharing, and telemedicine and accessing movies, media and music with the touch of a finger.

30. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business – Contd. The automation of jobs has improved productivity in organizations. From procurement to sales, the supply chain to telecommunications, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has helped reduce costs and improve the bottom line. Employees have been liberated from manual tasks to concentrate on higher problem-solving skills. Staff members can unleash their creative side using new tools and techniques to become more engaged and fulfilled in their jobs.

31. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business – Contd. This revolution has also opened doors to new markets and economic opportunities and introduced the gig (Faster (Ex: Ola, Swiggy , Uber Eats – Quicker in giga bytes time) economy . Individuals perform tasks from anywhere in the world with the help of online platforms. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has also helped with social good. Education and access to information have improved the lives of people living in developing nations. 

32. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business – Contd. Entrepreneurs have built a massive open online course (MOOC) that has democratized the education system. They provide online education with unlimited participation and open access via the internet. Students can access the platform from anywhere in the world and interact with professors and teachers using a community forum of discussion.

33. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business – Contd. Social media platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook have broken down traditional communication barriers across borders of countries and made instant connection possible. These platforms have allowed people across the world to communicate with each other and created new paths for interaction, social activism and networking . Disruptive technologies like drones have helped distribute medication and emergency relief to far-reaching and inaccessible locations.

34. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business – Contd. Advances in artificial intelligence and robotics can help enhance human health and life expectancy. From early detection to diagnostic assistance, AI is helping improve the human condition. AI systems are also reducing the cost and time it takes to discover new drugs, enhancing clinical trials and helping pharmacies bring medications to the market faster. Advances in autonomous or self-driving cars can reduce fatalities (loss of life), help with insurance costs and provide a sustainable environment through reduced carbon emissions. Smart cities make use of technologies such as big data and the internet of things ( IoT ) to enhance living spaces and provide an improved quality of life. They also enable smart transportation, smart energy and smart health care, all with the help of smart technology.

35. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business – Conclusion The Fourth Industrial Revolution is fundamentally different from previous revolutions in its scale of impact since technology is advancing at an overwhelming pace. Hence , the challenges that come with it are diverse and complex. There is still ambiguity around regulation, the question of how to deal with the disparity of an equitable society and understanding the ethical implications. There is no doubt we as a society are raising to this occasion to utilize technology to create a better future for generations.

36. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Government As the physical, digital, and biological worlds continue to converge (unite all together), new technologies and platforms will increasingly enable citizens to engage with governments, voice their opinions, coordinate their efforts, and even circumvent the supervision of public authorities. Simultaneously , governments will gain new technological powers to increase their control over populations, based on pervasive (everywhere, universal) surveillance systems and the ability to control digital infrastructure. On the whole, however, governments will increasingly face pressure to change their current approach to public engagement and policymaking, as their central role of conducting policy diminishes owing to new sources of competition and the redistribution and decentralization of power that new technologies make possible.

37. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Government – Contd. Ultimately, the ability of government systems and public authorities to adapt will determine their survival. If they prove capable of embracing a world of disruptive change, subjecting their structures to the levels of transparency and efficiency that will enable them to maintain their competitive edge, they will endure. If they cannot evolve, they will face increasing trouble . This will be particularly true in the realm of regulation . Given the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s rapid pace of change and broad impacts, legislators and regulators are being challenged to an unprecedented degree and for the most part are proving unable to cope.

38. Impact of Industry 4.0 on Government – Contd. The Fourth Industrial Revolution will also profoundly impact the nature of national and international security , affecting both the probability and the nature of conflict . The history of warfare and international security is the history of technological innovation, and today is no exception. Modern conflicts involving states are increasingly “hybrid” in nature , combining traditional battlefield techniques with elements previously associated with non state actors . The distinction between war and peace, combatant and noncombatant, and even violence and nonviolence ( think cyberwarfare ) is becoming uncomfortably blurry. As this process takes place and new technologies such as autonomous or biological weapons become easier to use, individuals and small groups will increasingly join states in being capable of causing mass harm. This new vulnerability will lead to new fears. But at the same time, advances in technology will create the potential to reduce the scale or impact of violence, through the development of new modes of protection , for example, or greater precision in targeting.

39. Impact of Industry 4.0 on People The Fourth Industrial Revolution , finally, will change not only what we do but also who we are. It will affect our identity and all the issues associated with it: our sense of privacy, our notions of ownership, our consumption patterns, the time we devote to work and leisure, and how we develop our careers, cultivate our skills, meet people, and nurture relationships . It is already changing our health and leading to a “quantified” self, and sooner than we think it may lead to human augmentation. The list is endless because it is bound only by our imagination.

40. Impact of Industry 4.0 on People – Contd. The inexorable (unstoppable) integration of technology could diminish some of quintessential (essential) human capacities, such as compassion and cooperation . Our relationship with our smartphones is a case in point . Constant connection may deprive us of one of life’s most important assets: the time to pause, reflect, and engage in meaningful conversation . One of the greatest individual challenges posed by new information technologies is privacy . We instinctively understand why it is so essential, yet the tracking and sharing of information about us is a crucial part of the new connectivity . Debates about fundamental issues such as the impact on our inner lives of the loss of control over our data will only intensify in the years ahead. Similarly , the revolutions occurring in biotechnology and AI, which are redefining what it means to be human by pushing back the current thresholds of life span, health, cognition, and capabilities , will compel us to redefine our moral and ethical boundaries.

41. Impact of Industry 4.0 on People – Contd.

42. End of I Unit