Infection control in critical care unit.pptx

Standard precautions consist of the following practices: hand hygiene before and after all patient contact. the use of personal protective equipment, which may include gloves, impermeable gowns, plastic aprons, masks, face shields and eye protection. the safe use and disposal of sharps.

1. Infection control in critical care unit. Presenter; Shehla Bano MSN trainee teacher

2. Objectives Recall the infection control. Define nosocomial infection. Identify different f actors makes critically ill patients vulnerable to infection. Evaluate the sources of cross infection in ICU. Demonstrate the five moments. Illustrate the hand washing steps. Evaluate the standard precautions.

3. What is meant by infection control? Infection control prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings. This site includes an overview of how infections spread, ways to prevent the spread of infections, and more detailed recommendations by type of healthcare setting.(CDC,2022)

4. Nosocomial infection Nosocomial infections also referred to as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are  infection(s) acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission (national institute of health science, 2023).

5. Factors makes critically ill patients vulnerable to infection mmune system Invasive devices Length of stay in a healthcare facility  Hand washing techniques  Age Poor design of ICU nutritional status, external variables (SB health science center,2023)

6. sources of cross infection in ICU unsterilized medical equipment. coughing and sneezing. human contact (hands). touching contaminated objects. dirty bedding. prolonged use of catheters, tubes, or intravenous lines. Wound dressings. ( DOW university health science, 2022)

7. The 5 Moments Before touching a patient Before any personal care activities that require physical contact After touching a patient After a procedure of body fluid. After touching the patient surrounding (ACSQHC,2023).

8. Hand washing steps by (CDC,2023)

9. Standard Precautions for prevention Hand hygiene. Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, eyewear). Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette. Sharps safety (engineering and work practice controls). Safe injection practices (i.e., aseptic technique for parenteral medications). Sterile instruments and devices

10. Conti.. Use maximal sterile barrier precautions (cap, mask, sterile gown and sterile gloves). Strict aseptic precaution while cannulation. Daily inspection & changing CVC if signs of local infections appear. Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most common health care associated infection( NIH,2023)

11. Transmission-based Precautions Transmission-based Precautions are  used in addition to Standard Precautions for patients with known or suspected infections . The type of Transmission-based Precautions assigned to a patient depends on the transmission route of the microorganism: contact, droplet, or airborne.(WHO,2023) Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions, and Airborne Precautions .

12. PPE

13. Cont.. Including gloves, gowns, shoe covers, head covers, masks, respirators, eye protection, face shields, and goggles. Gloves help protect you when directly handling potentially infectious materials or contaminated surfaces. Gowns help protect you from the contamination of clothing with potentially infectious material (CDC,2023).

14. Steps for donning PPE by CDC,2023

15. Steps for Doffing PPE by CDC,2023

16. segregation of waste Waste segregation is the sorting and separation of waste types to facilitate recycling and correct onward disposal. Segregation means  separating different wastes into different color-coded bins with liners or sharps containers at locations where they are generated , The most appropriate treatment and disposal (CDC,2023).

17. environmental factors  Cleaning and disinfection High-quality cleaning and disinfection of all patient-care areas is important, especially surfaces close to the patient. Frequency of cleaning should be as follows: Surface cleaning (walls) twice weekly, floor cleaning 2-3 times/day and terminal cleaning (patient bed area) after discharge or death ( Yatin Mehta Et. Al ,2014)

18. Architecture designing a new ICU The unit may be situated close to the operating theater and emergency department for easy accessibility, but should be away from the main ward areas Central air-conditioning systems are designed in such a way that recirculated air must pass through appropriate filters Isolation facility should be with both negative- and positive-pressure ventilations ( YATIN ET AL. 2014).

19. Reference Center for disease control and prevention , 2022, revised edition. Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi , S., Myatra , S., Samaddar, D. P., Patil, V., Bhattacharya, P. K., & Ramasubban , S. (2014). Guidelines for prevention of hospital acquired infections.  Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine ,  18 (3), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.128705 DOW university of health science, 2023. National institute of health science ,2023 revised edition.