Infection control in dentistry

About infection control in dentistry

1. INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTISTRY PRESENTED BY: SHUBHRA BARDHAR (JAIPUR DENTAL COLLEGE ) FINAL YEAR - BDS

2. CONTENTS *INFECTION DEFINITION MODES OF TRANSMISSION EXPOSURE RISK IN DENTAL OPERATORY CHAIN OF INFECTION COMMON INFECTION CONCERN IN DENTISTRY *INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTISTRY CATEGORIES OF TASK IN RELATION TO RISK EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN BY OSHA PERSONAL BARRIER TECHNIQUE FOR INFECTION CONTROL USE AND CARE OF SHARP INSTRUMENTS STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS ON RISK OF TRANSMITTING INFECTION

3. INFECTION The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present within the body. MODES OF TRANSMISSION *DIRECT CONTACT-with blood and any body fluids. *INDIRECT CONTACT- with contaminated instruments or surface contact of mucosa of the eyes, nose and mouth with droplets or spatter. *INHALATION- of airborne micro-organisms.

4. EXPOSURE RISK IN DENTAL OPERATORY AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION Through aerosol, droplets and spatter HAND TO SURFACE CONTAMINATION With saliva contaminated hands the dentist could repeatedly contact or handle unprotected operatory surfaces during treatment if not careful CROSS INFECTION The transmission of infectious agent between patients and staff within a clinical environment PATIENTS VULNERABILITY Dentist to patient transmission of infection PERSONAL VULNERABILITY/ DENTIST VULNERABILITY When dentist experience exposure to saliva ,blood, injury from sharp instruments while treating patients, they are vulnerable to infections if they have not had proper immunization and protective barrier’s

5. CHAIN OF INFECTION

6. COMMON INFECTION CONCERN IN DENTISTRY TRANSMITTED BY INHALATION *VARICELLA VIRUS -Measles and Mumps *RHINO/ADENO VIRUS -Common Cold *MYOBACTERIUM -Tuberculosis *CANDIDA SPECIES -Candidiasis TRANSMITTED BY INOCULATION *HEPATITIS B,C, -Hepatitis * HERPES SIMPLEX -Herpes * HIV - AIDS *TREPONEMA PALLIDUM - Syphilis

7. COMMON INFECTIOUS AGENT PRESENT IN ORAL CAVITY Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sobrinus Lacto bacilli Actinomyces species Contributes in dental carries and other oral infections.

8. INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTISTRY Also called “Exposure Control Plan” by OSHA is a required office program that is designed to protect personnel against risk of exposure to infection

9. CATEGORIES OF TASK IN RELATION TO RISK *AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION-OCCUPATION SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT Guidelines advise that all under category I and II be trained in infection control to protect themselves and their patients.

10. EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN BY OSHA Use of universal precaution Required use of personal protective equipment Laundry of contaminated protective clothing Policy on general waste disposal Standardized hand washing protocol Hepatitis B virus vaccination Post exposure evaluation and medical follow up

11. STANDARDIZED HAND WASHING PROTOCOL

12. PERSONAL BARRIER TECHNIQUE FOR INFECTION CONTROL *WASHING AND CARE OF HANDS DHCWs should wash their hands before and after treating each patient For routine dental examination procedures - The purpose of surgical hand antisepsis is to eliminate transient flora and reduce resident flora to prevent introduction of organisms in the operative wound if loves become punctured or torn Hand cleansers are also available such as chlorhexidine based, povidine iodine, alcohol hand rubs etc

13. *GLOVES For protection of personal and patients in dental care setting , medical gloves (latex or vinyl) always must be worn – when their is potential for contacting blood, blood contaminated saliva or mucous membrane Non sterile gloves – appropriate for examination and non surgical procedures Sterile gloves – used for surgical procedures

14. *GOWNS REUSABLE Reusable protective clothing should be washed using a normal laundry cycle. It should be changed daily DISPOSABLE Should be disposed after single use. REUSABLE DISPOSABLE

15. *MASKS/ PROTECTIVE EYE WEAR Plastic face shields or surgical mask and protective eye wear should be worn when splashing or spattering of blood or other body fluid is likely common in dentistry Mask should be changed for every patient eye wear should be cleaned with cleaning agents

16. USE AND CARE OF SHARP INSTRUMENTS Sharp items (needles, scalpel,blades,wires) contaminated with patients blood and saliva should be considered as potentially infective and handled with care to prevent injuries Used disposable syringes and needles ,scalpel blades and other sharp items should be placed in appropriate puncture resistant containers PUNCTURE RESISTANT CONTAINER

17. STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION STERILIZATION- use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all micro-organisms including resistant bacterial spores DISINFECTION-destruction of all pathogenic micro-organisms by physical or chemical means except bacterial spores or inanimate objects

18. CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS ON RISK OF TRANSMITTING INFECTION

19. All critical and semi critical dental instruments that are heat stable should be sterilized by common methods like AUTOCLAVE – Reliable and rapid method ,all living organisms are destroyed at 121 degree Celsius temperature and 15 IBS pressure -15 minutes DRY HEAT STERILIZER/ HOT AIR OVEN *320 degree F - Exposure time- 60 to 120 minutes. *375 degree F - 6 minutes for wrapped instruments - 12 minutes for unwrapped instruments

20. AUTOCLAVE HOT AIR OVEN

21. REFERENCE Essentials of public health dentistry (fifth edition) by – Soben Peter www.mouthhealthy.org/infection-control wikipedia