Inflection Powerpoint & Performance Task_JIMERA.pptx

inflection

1. Inflection Reported by: Marynol M. Jimera

2. Inflection

3. Inflection What is Inflection ? Regular & Irregular Inflection Forms of Nouns Forms of Pronouns Forms of Verbs Forms of Adjectives `

4. What is Inflection ?

5. What is Inflection ? A process of word formation in which items are added to the base form of a word to express grammatical meaning. The process of word formation. It does not change the word class and meaning of a word. Express grammatical categories like; tense, mood, voice, aspects, person, number, gender, and case.

6. What is Inflection? Let’s Examine the following sentence The pianist performs in the local café every month. The pianist performed in the local café last night. The performance was extraordinary.

7. What is Inflection? The pianist performs in the local café every month. The pianist performed in the local café last night. The performance was extraordinary.

8. What is Inflection? The pianist performs in the local café every month. The pianist performed in the local café last night. The performance was extraordinary. The words performs, performed & performance belong to the same root which is perform. However, the word performs & performed in sentence (1) & (2) belong to the same word class i.e. verb. The word Performance in sentence (3) , on the other hand, belongs to the different word class i.e. noun.

9. What is Inflection? The pianist performs in the local café every month. The pianist performed in the local café last night. What happens in sentence (1) and (2) is the process of word formation called inflection. Inflection does not change the word class (parts of speech) and meaning of a word Instead, Inflection is grammatically conditioned (McCarthy, 2002), or expresses grammatical categories like tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. 1 1 Inflection . (2013, September 12). Retrieved November 24, 2013, from www.wikipedia.org : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection

10. What is Inflection? The pianist performs in the local café every month. The pianist performed in the local café last night. Grammatically condition or expresses grammatical categories like tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. In sentence (1) the suffix -s is added to the root because of being grammatically conditioned by third-person singular subject the pianist. In sentence (2) the suffix -ed is added to the root to express past tense.

11. What is Inflection? 3. The performance was extraordinary. What happens in sentence (3), on the other hand, is the process of word formation called derivation. Derivation is the process of “constructing new words by adding affixes to existing words.” ( Trask , 2007). Derivation changes the word class and/or meaning of the root.

12. What is Inflection? PERFORM Verb To execute Inflection Inflection Inflection Perform s Perform ing Perform ed The variants still belong to the same word class (verb), and have the same meaning However, they are grammatically conditioned, or express certain grammatical category grammatically conditioned by third-person singular subject Expressing continuous and progressive aspects Expressing past tense

13. What is Inflection? PERFORM Verb To execute Derivation Derivation Perform ance Noun The act of performing Perform er Noun One who performs Inflection Inflection Perform ance s Plural Perform er s Plural

14. Regular & Irregular Inflection Cats Guitars Hats Tables Chairs Doors Windows

15. Regular & Irregular Inflection Cat s Guitar s Hat s Table s Chair s Door s Window s

16. Regular & Irregular Inflection Cat s Guitar s Hat s Table s Chair s Door s Window s Adding suffix -s to a noun root is the regular method of forming plural.

17. Regular & Irregular Inflection Mice Children Women Teeth Oxen Men Knives are irregular plural forms of Mouse Child Woman Tooth Ox Man Knife are allomorphs of

18. Regular & Irregular Inflection Went Better Worse are irregular inflection forms of Go Good Bad Allomorphs ???

19. Regular & Irregular Inflection Went Better Worse Suppletion of Go Good Bad Suppletion

20. Regular & Irregular Inflection Suppletion vs. Allomorph Allomorph Mice Children Women Teeth Oxen Men Knives Root Mouse Child Woman Tooth Ox Man Knife

21. Regular & Irregular Inflection Suppletion vs. Allomorph Allomorph M i ce Child ren Wom e n T ee th Ox en M e n Kni ves Root M ou se Child Wom a n T oo th Ox M a n Kni fe An allomorph has similar phoneme(s) as its root

22. Regular & Irregular Inflection Suppletion vs. Allomorph Root Went Better Worse Suppletion Go Good Bad Suppletion and its root does not have any similar phoneme.

23. Forms of Nouns Inflection in nouns expresses grammatical category which is number. Regular forms (adding the suffix -s) Irregular forms (Allophones, zero suffix like deer, fish, sheep )

24. Forms of Pronouns Pronouns are words like I and them that can stand for nouns in sentences (for example: “This is my sister. She is the tallest woman I know,” where she in the second sentence stands for sister in the first sentence). Pronouns have the most detailed inflectional system in English: depending on the specific example, they can show distinctions to indicate whether a word is singular or plural, the subject or object of a sentence, or singular or plural possessive.

25. The most complete set of pronouns is found in the first person ( I and we) and the third person singular masculine (he) and plural (they). The other pronouns all have more overlap or unchanging forms. Number Function in sentence Form Singular (i.e. one) Subject I you he she it Object me you him her it Possession my your his her its Plural (i.e. more than one) Subject we you they Object us you them Possession our your their

26. Forms of Verbs In English, a verb lexeme has at most five distinct forms, as illustrated here with GIVE. Third person singular present tense e.g. Marry gives a lecture every year. Past tense e.g. Marry gave a lecture last week. Progressive participle e.g. Mary is giving a lecture today. Perfect or passive participle e.g. Mary has given a lecture today. Basic form (used everywhere else) e.g Mary wants to give a lecture.

27. Forms of Adjectives Many English adjectives exhibit three forms, for example GREEN here: 1. Grass is green . 2. The grass is greener now than in winter. 3. The grass is greenest in early summer.

28. Other adjectives with similar forms: Positive Comparative Superlative Happy happier happiest Long longer longest Pure purer purest Untidy untidier untidiest Good better best All these exhibit a regular pattern of suffixation with – er and – est , except for better and best, which are suppletive .

29. Inflection Rules English words follow different rules for inflection based on their part of speech and grammatical category. The most common rules are listed below. Parts of Speech Grammatical Category Inflection Examples Noun Number -s, -es Flower Flowers Glass Glasses Noun, Pronoun Case (Genitive) -’s, -’, -s Paul Paul’s Francis Francis ’ It Its Pronoun Case (reflexive) -self, -selves Him Himself Them Themsleves Verb Aspect (Progressive) - en , -ed Fall (has) Fallen Finish (has) Finished Verb Tense (Past) -ed Open Opened Verb Tense (Present) -s Open Opens Adjective Degree of Comparison (Comparative) - er Smart Smarter Adjective Degree of Comparison (Superlative) - est Smart Smartest

30. Direction: In this test, you will be asked to inflect verbs, adverbs, nouns, and adjectives correctly. 1. What is the present participle of the verb  end  ? 2. What is the present participle of the verb  see  ? 3. What is the third person singular of the verb  play  in the past simple tense? 4. What is the third person singular of the verb  buy  in the present tense? 5.  What is the comparative form of the adjective  cold  ? 6. What is the superlative form of the adjective  thin  ? 7. What is the plural of the noun  chief  ? 8. What is the adverb formed from  easy  ? 9. What is the present participle of the verb  say  ? 10.  What is the adverb formed from  cruel  ? ending seeing played buys colder thinner chiefs easily saying cruelly

31. 11. What is the plural of the noun  box  ? 12. What is the plural of the noun  baby  ? 13. What is the comparative form of the adjective  cheap  ? 14. What is the plural of the noun  sheep  ? 15. What is the present participle of the verb  write  ? 16. What is the plural of the noun  potato  ? 17. What is the superlative form of the adjective  long  ? 18. What is the plural of the noun  piano  ? 19. What is the plural of the noun  foot  ? 20. What is the comparative form of the adjective  happy  ? boxes babies cheaper sheep writing potatoes longest pianos feet happier

32. PT for Inflectional Direction: In this test, you will be asked to inflect verbs, adverbs, nouns, and adjectives correctly. 1. What is the present participle of the verb  end  ? 2. What is the present participle of the verb  see  ? 3. What is the third person singular of the verb  play  in the past simple tense? 4. What is the third person singular of the verb  buy  in the present tense? 5.  What is the comparative form of the adjective  cold  ? 6. What is the superlative form of the adjective  thin  ? 7. What is the plural of the noun  chief  ? 8. What is the adverb formed from  easy  ? 9. What is the present participle of the verb  say  ? 10.  What is the adverb formed from  cruel  ?

33. PT for Inflectional 11. What is the plural of the noun  box  ? 12. What is the plural of the noun  baby  ? 13. What is the comparative form of the adjective  cheap  ? 14. What is the plural of the noun  sheep  ? 15. What is the present participle of the verb  write  ? 16. What is the plural of the noun  potato  ? 17. What is the superlative form of the adjective  long  ? 18. What is the plural of the noun  piano  ? 19. What is the plural of the noun  foot  ? 20. What is the comparative form of the adjective  happy  ?