Influenza with very dengerous viruses.pptx

#influenza

1. Sir p.t science college, modasa Microbiology department Name :- Tarar Pradip Roll no :- 5528 Sem :-5 Guided by:- Dhruv sir Hod :- Dr. Krishna ma’am

2. Topic:- Influenza

3. Content Introduction Types Symptoms Mode of transmission Diagnosis Prevention Medications

4. Introduction Influenza, commonly called “the flu,” is an illness caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae the influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract of many animals, birds, humans.

5. The Orthomyxoviridae are a family of RNA viruses that includes five genera: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, Isavirus and Thogotovirus. A sixth has recently been described. The first three genera contain viruses that cause influenza in vertebrates, including birds (see also avian influenza), humans, and other mammals. Isaviruses infect salmon; thogotoviruses infect vertebrates and invertebrates, such as mosquitoes and sea lice

6. Influenza Are divided into three types Influenza A Influenza B Influenza C

7. Influenza A Type A viruses are divided into types based on differences in two viral surface proteins called the hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N).

8. Influenza type A viruses undergo two kinds of changes : – Antigenic drift.
– Antigenic shift.

9. Influenza A ( H1 N1 ) Influenza’ A (H1N1) virus is a subtype of influenza A virus and was the most common cause of human influenza (flu) in 2009. Some strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and cause a small fraction of all influenza-like illness and a small fraction of all seasonal influenza. H1N1 (pronounced “HEE-NEE” by healthcare professionals) strains caused a few percent of all human flu infections in 2004-2005.

10. Swine influenza A Swine influenza (also called swine flu, or pig flu) is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3.
Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide.

11. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans Not common and does not always lead to human influenza, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. The meat of an infected animal poses no risk of infection when properly cooked

12. Avian influenza A Avian influenza known informally as avian flu or bird flu refers to “influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. “Of the greatest concern is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
“Bird flu” is a phrase similar to “swine flu,” “dog flu,” “horse flu,” or “human flu” in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species influenza A virus.

13. Influenza B influenza C Influenza type B viruses change only by the more gradual process of antigenic drift. Type C infection usually causes either a very mild respiratory illness or no symptoms at all;

14. Symptoms Fever (usually 100 F-103 F in adults and often even higher in children)
Cough,
Sore throat,
Runny or stuffy nose,
Headache,
Muscle aches,
Extreme fatigue

15. Mode of transmission Influenza is spread mainly from person to person by droplet infection or droplet nuclei created by sneezing, coughing or talking. The portal of entry of the virus is the respiratory tract

16. Diagnosis Virus Isolation Nasopharyngeal secretions are the best specimens for obtaining large quantities of virus-infected cells.
Paired Sera A sero diagnosis of influenza A or B can be made by the examination of two serum specimens from a patient.

17. Prevention Vaccine:
The “flu shot” inactivated an vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm.
The nasal-spray flu vaccine a vaccine made with live, weakened flu viruses that is given as a nasal spray (sometimes called LAIV Attenuated for “Live Influenza Vaccine”)

18. MEDICTIONS Increasing liquid intake, warm showers, and warm compresses, especially in the nasal area, can reduce the body aches and reduce nasal congestion. Nasal strips and humidifiers may help reduce congestion, especially while trying to sleep. Fever can be treated with over-the counter acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin and others

19. Thank you