Information and Communication Technology ICT Presentation - Copy-1.ppt

This presentation tells about multiple cyber security threats, their history, their impacts and their prevention and disscus main cyber threats like Malware, DDOS, SQL Injection and Phishing etc.

1. Cybersecurity Threats

2. Cybersecurity threats are constant and growing. Malicious software and social engineering schemes are common threats. These risks impact individuals, businesses, and governments. A Comprehensive Overview

3. Introduction What are Cybersecurity Threats? Actions or events potentially harmful to your computer . Sources: Malicious actors (e.g., hackers ) or accidental events (e.g., software vulnerabilities, human error). Malware Phishing Ransomware Social Engineering Types of Cybersecurity Threats:

4. Phishing Phishing used to trick users into revealing sensitive information. Malware Malware steal data or disrupt operations. SQL Injection SQL injection manipulate databases and gain unauthorized access. DDoS Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks with traffic, rendering it inaccessible. Overview: Cyber Security Threats

5. Cybersecurity Threats: Exploring Malware Malware , short for malicious software , refers to any software intentionally designed to harm computer systems or steal data. Types of Malware viruses worms Trojans ransomware spyware. Purpose Malware is designed to gain unauthorized access, disrupt operations, steal information or extort money from victims .

6. Self-Replicating Viruses can replicate themselves, spreading to infect other systems and files. Payload Delivery Viruses can carry and deliver a malicious payload, such as data theft or system disruption. Viruses: Replicating Malicious Code Viruses disrupt systems, cause operational issues , lead to data loss or leakage, and are designed to spread across programs and systems.

7. Worms: Self-Propagating Malware W orm  is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself to spread to other computers . Resource Consumption Worms consume system resources quickly. Can cause performance issues or crashes. Independent Spread Worms spread on their own without user interaction. They exploit network vulnerabilities.

8. Trojans: Deceptive Malicious Programs Trojan horse  is any malware that misleads users of its true intent by disguising itself as a standard program.  . Deception Trojans disguise themselves as legitimate software to trick users into installing them. Backdoors Trojans can create hidden access points for attackers to gain control of infected systems.

9. Ransomware: Hostage-Taking Malware Ransomware is malware that locks data or systems, demanding payment for access Extortion Encrypts files and demands payment for release. Backdoors Creates backdoors for attackers to maintain access after ransom is paid.

10. Malware Delivery Mechanisms Once malware enters a system, it uses various mechanisms to spread and execute its malicious code. 1 Malicious Websites Drive-by downloads from compromised sites. Infected Files Malicious attachments or executables. Exploiting Vulnerabilities Flaws in software or systems. 2 3

11. The Impact of Malware Attacks Malware attacks can have severe consequences for individuals and organizations. Financial Losses Stolen money, ransomware payments, and lost revenue. Privacy Violations Compromised personal information, stolen credentials, and identity theft. System Disruption Data breaches, system failures, and operational downtime . Reputational Damage Loss of customer trust, negative media coverage, and legal liabilities.

12. Best Practices for Malware Prevention Detecting and preventing malware requires a layered approach that involves multiple security measures . Be Cautious Online Cautious with: links Downloads email attachments Use Strong Passwords Use strong, unique passwords for each online account. Updated Software Keep software and operating systems updated to fix security vulnerabilities. Antivirus Software Use reputable antivirus software to detect and remove malware.

13. Cybersecurity Threats: Exploring Phishing Phishing attacks are common and dangerous; understanding and preventing them is crucial for protection. Phishing Types Email phishing Spear phishing Clone smishing Smishing Purpose Phishing steals sensitive info to access networks or companies.

14. Anatomy of a Phishing Attack Phishing attacks use tactics to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or taking unintended actions. 1 Impersonation Attackers mimic legitimate organizations or individuals to gain trust. 3 2 Information Capture The attacker collects sensitive information via fake login forms or other deceptive methods. Social Media Scams Attackers use social media platforms to spread phishing links or messages disguised as promotions.

15. Recognizing Phishing Attempts Recognizing phishing attempts is essential for protecting your personal information and security online. Suspicious Sender Check for typos in the sender's name or email. Unfamiliar Links Hover over links before clicking to see the actual destination URL. Attachments Avoid opening attachments from unknown or suspicious senders. Unusual Requests Beware of requests for sensitive info via email or text.

16. Protecting Yourself and Your Organization 1 2 3 5 4 Be Vigilant Be cautious of emails or messages that seem suspicious. Verify Information Contact the organization directly to verify any requests for information. Use Strong Passwords Create unique and complex passwords for all your online accounts. Enable Two-Factor Authentication Use two-factor authentication for added security on your accounts. Report Phishing Attempts Report any suspected phishing attempts to the appropriate authorities or your organization's IT department.

17. DDoS Attacks DDoS attacks are a major threat, capable of crippling businesses and infrastructure. Overwhelming Traffic A DDoS attack overwhelms a target with traffic, blocking real requests. Botnet-Powered Attackers use a botnet of infected devices to send traffic to the target. Disruptive Intent The goal is to disrupt the target by making its website or network unavailable. Common Targets Businesses government agencies critical infrastructure

18. Unveiling the Truth Behind DDoS Attacks Political Protest Hacktivists use DDoS attacks as a form of digital protest against organizations or governments. Financial Gain Cybercriminals may launch DDoS attacks to extort money from victims or disrupt competitors' operations. Retaliation DDoS attacks can be used for revenge against perceived enemies or rivals. Ideological Warfare State-sponsored groups may use DDoS attacks as part of cyber-warfare campaigns.

19. The Impact of DDoS Attacks Business Disruption DDoS attacks can make websites and services unavailable, causing downtime and lost revenue. Reputational Damage Successful DDoS attacks can damage customer trust and harm the organization's reputation. Compliance Issues Failing to prevent or respond to DDoS attacks can result in fines and compliance violations.

20. How to Protect Yourself from DDoS Attacks? Quick Action : Identify DDoS attacks early to minimize damage with dedicated DDoS services and technology. Configure Firewalls & Routers : Set firewalls and routers to reject malicious traffic and keep them updated. Consider AI : Use Artificial Intelligence to develop new defense systems alongside traditional firewalls and intrusion detection. Secure IoT Devices : Protect IoT devices with trusted security software and regular updates to avoid botnet involvement.

21. Exploring SQL Injection SQL injection involves inserting malicious SQL code into application input fields to gain unauthorized access to the database . Types of SQL Injection SQL Injection are of three types, Including In-Band, Inferential and Out-of-Band SQL Injection Purpose SQL Injection allows attackers to manipulate SQL queries through malicious user input.

22. SQL Injection Mechanisms 1 Identification of Vulnerable Inputs Attackers identify vulnerable inputs, like text fields or URL parameters, to exploit SQL injection. Crafting Malicious SQL Queries Attackers craft SQL statements to manipulate queries, like using "1=1" to bypass authentication. Executing the Malicious Query The SQL command is executed by the database, leading to unauthorized data access. 2 3

23. The Impact of SQL Injection Data Breach Attackers can access sensitive information like credentials, financial data, and personal details. Data Manipulation Attackers can alter database data, modifying balances or deleting records. Denial of Service Attackers can overload the database or delete tables, disrupting service availability. Complete Control Attackers can gain admin privileges, executing arbitrary commands on the database server. The Impact of a successful SQL injection attack can be severe and multifaceted .

24. Best Practices for SQL Injection Prevention Detecting and preventing SQL Injection requires a layered approach that involves multiple security measures . Use Parameterized Queries This approach treats user inputs as data, preventing injection attacks. Input Validation Validate user inputs and escape special characters to neutralize threats. Web Application Firewalls WAFs filter malicious traffic before it reaches the application. Employ ORMs ORMs Object-Relational Mapping abstract database interactions, reducing exposure to raw SQL.

25. Case Study 1 – WannaCry Ransomware Attack (2017) Type of Threat: Ransomware Incident: Exploited a Windows vulnerability ( EternalBlue ) to spread globally. Impact: Affected 150+ countries, including critical organizations like NHS (UK). Over 230,000 systems compromised, Costing $4 billion in damages. Root Cause: Lack of timely updates and patches for software vulnerabilities. Takeaway: Regular software updates and data backups are essential. Marcus Hutchins

26. Case Study 2 – Equifax Data Breach (2017) Type of Threat: Data Breach Incident: Hackers used a vulnerability in the Apache Struts framework to infiltrate Equifax’s systems. Impact: Personal data of 147 million individuals exposed (e.g., SSNs, credit card info). Resulted in lawsuits and a $700 million settlement.Costing $4 billion in damages. Root Cause: Failure to patch known vulnerabilities promptly. Takeaway: Implement rigorous patch management and regular security audits.

27. Fostering a Culture of Cybersecurity Awareness Strong cybersecurity practices essential for protecting against Cybersecurity threats. Security Policies Implement strong security policies. Enforce policies consistently for secure practices. Training and Education Provide regular cybersecurity training to employees. Educate on malware threats, best practices, and reporting procedures. Open Communication Encourage employees to report suspicious activities. Promote proactive security culture.

28. . References 1.Books Smith, J. (2020). Cybersecurity Essentials: Protecting Your Digital Footprint . Wiley Publishing. Anderson, K. (2019). The Hacker's Handbook: An Insider's Guide to Exploiting Cybersecurity . Tech Press. Articles Brown, M. (2021). "Ransomware Attacks: Trends and Prevention." CyberSecurity Journal , Vol. 14, Issue 2, pp. 34-45. Wilson, D. (2022). "Phishing Tactics in 2023: What You Need to Know." Information Security Magazine . Websites National Cyber Security Centre. "Types of Cyber Threats." Accessed December 2024. https://www.ncsc.gov.uk . Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). "Common Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities." Accessed December 2024. https://www.cisa.gov . Reports IBM Security. (2023). Cost of a Data Breach Report . IBM Corporation. Symantec. (2022). Internet Security Threat Report .

29. THANK YOU  Presented By: Ahsan ali Usman Tarar Umar Rafiq Umar Naeem Ali Haider Hamza