Information Literacy and Search Techniques By Vivekanand Jain BHU.pptx

Library Search Techniques, Information Literacy,
Online Information Resources,
Digital Libraries, Open Resources

1. Information Literacy and Search Techniques Vivekanand Jain Deputy Librarian Banaras Hindu University Varanasi – 221005 India Mob. [phone]

2. Information is of two kinds : We know a subject ourselves, or We know where we can find Information upon it. -- Samual Johnson

3. Information Literacy is integration of Library Literacy Computer Literacy Media Literacy Ethics/ Research Ethics Critical Thinking Communication Skills

4. Definition "Information literacy is the set of integrated abilities encompassing the reflective discovery of information, the understanding of how information is produced and valued, and the use of information in creating new knowledge and participating ethically in communities of learning."  (Association of College and Research Libraries : ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education 2015)

5. The 1989  American Library Association  (ALA) Presidential Committee on Information Literacy formally defined information literacy as attributes of an individual, stating that " to be information literate, a person must be able to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the needed information ".

6. To know the extent of information needed, access information effectively, evaluate critically and incorporate information into their knowledge basis and to use information effectively . Understand many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and accesses and uses information ethically and legally. Set of Skills or as a way to understanding the use of information ( Sundin , 2008). All theoretical concepts should be applied to practice.

7. The ability to locate, evaluate, and use information to become independent life-long learners" Reference : Commission on Colleges, Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Criteria for Accreditation, Section 5.1.2 [Library and Other Information Resources] Services . 10th ed. Dec. 1996.

8. information literacy includes the practical skills involved in effective use of information technology and information resources, either print or electronic . Interdisciplinary Information Communication

9. Steps in Information Literacy Feel the basic information need. Catalogue searching / OPAC/ web OPAC Online searching/ online resources/ websites Review of Literature on selected topic To know the subject experts of particular field. Check the work done in required field. Start new work / new research with new topic. Get the information with proper citation. Avoid plagiarism. References in standard pattern APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

10. Protocol for Information Literacy skills instruction Session Title Content to Teach Activities How to start Research Basic Library skills Search the library catalogue, note down the call number / OPAC Recognition of a need for Information Applying the skill of Information need Concept/ terms/ topic/ type of information needed Information Sources Skills k. Of Information sources/ location/ tools/ structure Identify the info.sources How k. is generated and organised . Skills of Internet search and k. of sources k. Of Search engines; Serach strategies Explanation of search engines, search strategies, Feature of Google Search engine. Etc.

11. Protocol for Information Literacy skills instruction Session Title Content to Teach Activities Skills of Database and Library search k. of searching with Database and Library software Scifinder / pubmed / manupatra / Mathscinet . SOUL/ Libsys / NewGenLib … Search skills of evaluating information and sources K. of evaluation criteria Evaluation criteria : Authority, Reliability, Validity, Quality, Accuracy, timeliness, scope etc. Referencing and Ethical skills K. of ethical and legal issues. Citation pattern APA, MLA and others Ethical and legal aspects of using information. Proper citation. Plagiarism rules of UGC. URKUND/ TURNTIN etc. Reference : Seifi et al.: The effect of information literacy instruction on

12. Selection of Search Engine सूचना की आवश्यकता के अनुरूप सर्च इंजिन का चुनाव करें। Example : Google , yahoo, MSN, Lycos सामान्य सर्च के लिये जनरल सर्च इंजिन तथा विषय से सम्बंधित जानकारी के लिए सब्जेक्ट सर्च इंजिन. Science/ Law / Medicine / chemistry / Social sciences/ Humanities. Google Scholar for scholarly information

13. Evaluation of Information Authority : लेखक एवं प्रकाशक के बारे में जानकर Accuracy/ Quality जानकारी की गुणवत्ता देखकर Coverage : क्या क्या क्षेत्र, विषय शामिल है। Currency : latest information वर्तमान सूचना / अद्यतन है कि नहीं। Format किस तरह से सूचना का विन्यास है। Usefulness उपयोगिता

14. Authority : Who is the author or creator (who is responsible for the intellectual content) and what are his or her credentials? Is there any indication of the author's education, other publications, professional affiliations or experience? Is there a note or paragraph in the back of the book or on the jacket (cover, jewel case, or supplementary brochure) describing the author's credentials?

15. Accuracy/Quality Is the information provided specific? For research on any topic dealing with things and events in the real world, accuracy is, obviously, of highest importance. Data and information must be based on observations, measurements, analyses, interpretations and conclusions. In the arts and humanities, where imagination is the primary creative force, accuracy is still important in recording names, dates and places from which creative works, ideas, and opinions originated. In all cases, all information should be  verifiable .

16. Objectivity: whether the information is sufficiently objective for your  purpose or whether it is biased . Currency Currency is especially important in the sciences where new developments occur frequently. In the arts and humanities, currency needs to be judged as appropriate. In some cases, a study written years ago may be essential to understanding. Consider whether or not the timeliness of the information will affect its usefulness.

17. Coverage Decide whether the information source adequately covers the topic. Documents may cover only part of the topic, and you may need more sources to have a more thorough understanding. Consider how coverage from one source compares with coverage by other sources. Look for a statement describing the purpose or coverage of the source and consider if the information is in-depth enough for your needs.

18. Search Techniques

19. Bibliographical Database (Indexing / Abstracting Database) Full text Database Citation Database

20. Information explosion/ overload of Information. Information in Printed and Online form. Information seeking behavior is changing from printed towards online sources. New Generation /Google generation/ NetGen / Digital Natives are mostly depends on Online Information Resources and Internet. So, there is a need of proper training of search techniques as well as critical evaluation of online resources.

21. Simple search / no proper search strategy = millions of hits ? Lot of time waste in searching? Not getting useful, need based, pin pointed information. How to retrieve the pinpointed, exhaustive, useful required information on any topic?

22. Simple Search General Search by Author Title Subject keyword Journal title Address/Affiliation Free Text search

23. Simple search in Google and Indcat

24. Search Techniques Truncation and Wild Card symbols Search operators Creating search statements Phrase and proximity searching Advanced search : combine different search sets Limiting searches by date, language or document type

25. TRUNCATION AND WILD CARD SYMBOLS Most databases are not intelligent - they just search for exactly what you type in. Truncation and wild card symbols enable you to overcome this limitation. These symbols can be substituted for letters to retrieve variant spellings and word endings. The symbol for truncation : ? % $ *

26. Wild Card a wild card symbol replaces a single letter  - useful to retrieve alternative spellings and simple plurals Example : wom?n  will find woman or women Encyclop?dia

27. Truncation a truncation symbol retrieves any number of letters  - useful to find different word endings based on the root of a word Examples:   africa *  will find africa , african , africans . libr * for Library/ Librarian/ Libraries agricultur *  will find agriculture, agricultural, agriculturalist.

28. SEARCH OPERATORS AND OR NOT Boolean operators/ search operators allow us to include multiple words and concepts in searches. 

29. AND AND  retrieves records containing both words. In this example the shaded area contains records with both Library and Society in the text. It  narrows your search . Some databases automatically connect keywords with  and .

30. OR OR  retrieves records containing either word. In this example the shaded area contains records with Library, or Technology, or both words in the text. It  broadens your search . You can use this to include synonyms in your search.

31. OR

32. NOT NOT  retrieves your first word but excludes the second. In this example the shaded area indicates that only records containing just Academic Library not College Library Computer Virus not Biological Virus

33. NOT

34. Boolean Operators AND: two terms must be present OR: two terms appear at either or one record NOT: exclude one term from another All in capital letters Could be used in General Search or Advanced Search A B A B

35. Combination of the multiple search words ( wom?n or gender) and agricultur * and africa * Some web search engines and databases allow you to specify a phrase using inverted commas. eg "agricultural development" eg "foot and mouth"

36. Proximity searching Use to: make a search more specific and exclude irrelevant records These enable to specify how near one word must be to another and, in some cases, in what order. This makes a search more specific and excludes irrelevant records.

37. If you were searching for references about women in Africa , you might retrieve irrelevant records for items about women published in Africa. Performing a proximity search will only retrieve the two words in the same sentence, and so exclude those irrelevant records. Proximity searching

38. Internet Archive archive.org

39. Simple Search in Metadata Madan Mohan Malaviya = 40

40. Search text contents = 10,186

41. Indian Industrial Commission Report

42. https://indcat.inflibnet.ac.in/

43. INDCAT IndCat is a free online Union Catalogue of Books, Theses and Serials of major university/institute libraries in India. The IndCat contains bibliographic information, location and holdings of Books, Theses and Serials. It provides the records in standard bibliographic formats i.e. MARC, MARCXML. It covers all major subjects.

44. Title search

45. Author Search

46. Subject Search

47. Place of Publication

48. Example of Advanced Search

49. Google Scholar for Academician

50. Profile in Google Scholar

51. Google simple search = 5,32,000

52. “ Hari Singh Gour ” = 1,95,000

53. ShodhGanaga

54. Archive.org Now registration required. Only few documents are free

55. Archive.org

56. Archive.org

57. DOAJ

58. DOAJ search for Indian in Title = 56

59. जिन खोजा तिन पाइयां ,  गहरे पानी पैठ ,   मैं बपुरा बूडन डरा ,  रहा किनारे बैठ। इस दोहे के माध्यम से यह बात कही गयी है कि प्रयास करने से ही सफलता मिलती है। इण्टरनेट से जानकारी निकालने में सर्च इंजिन महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। इण्टरनेट पर खोजते समय  कई बार   नयी उपयोगी जानकारियां भी मिल जाती हैं अत: जब भी कोई नयी जानकारी या उपयोगी वेवसाइट मिले उसे अवश्य नोट कर लें तथा अन्य साथियों को भी बतायें हारवर्ड बिजिनेस रिव्यू ( Dec. 2013 p.59)  में लिखा है कि गूगल ,  अमेजन तथा अन्य आज हमें आगे बढ़ते हुये दिखायी दे रहे हैं इस के पीछे का कारण यह नहीं है कि बह लोगों को वास्तविक सूचना दे रहे हैं बल्कि निर्णय लेने हेतु संक्षिप्त जानकारी दे रहे हैं।    Google, Amazon and others have prospered not by giving customers Information, but by giving them shortcuts to decisions and actions. (Ref. : HBR Dec. 2013 p.59)

60. गूगल भी प्रोफेसनल लाइब्रेरियन पर विश्वास करता है ,  एक संदर्भ में कहा गया है   कि जब हम आपकी सूचना आवश्यकता को पूरा न कर पायें तब आप पुस्तकालय जाकर लाइब्रेरियन से मिलकर खोजने की नयी बिधियों की जानकारी प्राप्त करें।

61. हेरत हेरत हे सखी ,  रहया कबीरा हिराई। बून्द समाना समन्द में ,  सो कत हेर्या जाई। सूचना का भण्डार अथाह एवं विस्त्रित है और उसमें से खोजना एक कला है। सूचना प्राप्ति के लिये अनेक तरह से प्रयास करना पड़ते हैं। कई बार सही कीवर्ड नहीं होने से घण्टों का समय बर्बाद चला जाता है और उपयोगी सूचना नहीं मिल पाती। अत: उचित कीवर्ड ,  सही सर्च ईंजिन ,  सही सर्च तकनीकि के प्रयोग से ही   सफलता मिलती है। अत: सूचना विज्ञान के विशेषज्ञों के सहयोग से सही जानकारी लेना चाहिये।

62. तरुवर फल नहिं खात है ,  सरवर पियहि न पान। कहि रहीम पर काज हित ,  संपति सँचहि सुजान॥ सूचना सामग्री उपयोग के लिये है। पुस्तकों का लेखन कार्य तथा पुस्तकालयों का निर्माण भी नागरिकों के हित के लिये किया जाता है। पुस्तकालय पाठकों के लिये बनाये जाते हैं। पुस्तकालयाध्यक्ष भी पुस्तकों का चयन पाठकों की सूचना की पूर्ति के लिये ही करते हैं। अत: पुस्तकालय भी तरूवर के समान परोपकार के लिये हैं।

63. Search Engines Utility and Efficiency

64. Retrieval Efficiency of Internet Search Engines

65. Knowledge of Important Database of specific subjects For Example : Manupatra for Law Legal Database for Law Biological Abstract Chemical Abstract / SciFinder Scholar JSTOR full text database, MathSciNet database, Project Muse full text database Web of Science database.

66. Knowledge of Important Websites of your work field University Grants Commission INFLIBNET NAAC Higher education Govt. of India Ministries NIRF CSIR, ICSSR, ICFRE, etc.

67. Important Website for e-books

68. Important Website for e-books DOAB Directory of Open Access Books Click here INTECH Open Access Books Click here AMS Free online Books Click here Project Gutenberg Free e- books Click here National Digital Library of India Click here Google Books Click here Free Computer Books Click here Open Library Click here Free-eBooks Click here The Online Book Page Click here Strategian (Multi disciplinary) Click here Readprint Click here Bibliomania Click here PDF Drive eBooks Click here HathiTrust Digital Library Click here International Children's Digital Library Click here

69. Important Website for e-books Planet Publish Click here World e-Book Library Click here Bookyards Click here Librivox Click here Online Programming Books Click here Free eBooks from Poem Hunter Click here Many Books Click here Classic Children Book from the Library of Congress Click here Storyline Click here Elsevier Click here South Asia Archive (SAA) Click here Project Gutenberg Click here Open Research Library Click here

70. "All of us do not have equal talent. But, all of us have an equal opportunity to develop our talents.” - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

71. To survive. We must transform (ALA) If survival necessitates transformation, transformation requires accountability. Improvement in Library facilities. There is a need of Transformation of Libraries for survival. Libraries are the mirror held up to the face of humankind. And we are changed. Tracie D. Hall (ALA, Executive Director)

72. Library is a growing organism Ever growing, ever changing. Adaptability. Survival of the fittest.

73. आभार Acknowledgement and thanks to all who’s creative ideas / information / screen shots etc. are used in present PPT. जिन संदर्भ स्रोतों की सामग्री का वर्तमान लेख में प्रयोग किया गया है, उन सभी को सादर धन्यवाद।