information technology about hardware and software

information technology

1. Information Technology(IT) First stage Prepared By: solav wrya Email:[email protected]

2. Introduction To Information Technology Outline What is information What is data What is information technology Methods for conveying information Information Technology Categories IT Platform

3. Introduction To Information Technology What is Information? Information is any knowledge that comes to our attention. That could be voice, image, text and video What is data? Data is information when dealing with the machine

4. Introduction To Information Technology What is information technology? Information Technologies are systems of hardware and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store and/or present information using electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic energy.

5. Introduction To Information Technology Methods for conveying information

6. Introduction To Information Technology Information Technology Categories Hardware : the electronic and mechanical components you can see and touch Software : the set of instructions that direct the hardware Network technology : increases the power of IT by allowing the sharing of resource

7. Introduction To Information Technology IT Platform

8. Hardware & Software Outline Hardware & Software What is the personal computer Common handheld portable digital devices Known the main parts of a computer What is hardware Hardware Components What is software

9. hardware All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer is called the hardware. Examples include: Motherboard Hard disk RAM Power supply Processor Case Monitor Keyboard Mouse

10. A personal computer A personal computer is also know as a pc it is an affordable stand alone computer designed for bye one person at a time. Personal computer come in serval versions each versions is suitable for different users the main versions are listed below

11. A personal computer Desktop PC A pc that usually sits on or under a user’s desk and is not mobile it usually has sperate keyboard and monitor it is larger than a laptop or tablet pc good for office based users

12. A personal computer Laptop PC A portable (pc) that is smaller than a desktop but larger than a tablet pc it weight little and is easy to carry around you can work with it on your lap good for users who travel frequently

13. A personal computer Tablet pc A very small mobile notebook pc operated with a stylus or finger rather than keyboard and mouse good for users who need a very lightweight small pc.

14. Common handheld portable digital device Personal digital assistant A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a hand held computer with some or all of the functionality of a personal computer a PDA is generally operated using a stylus or finger but can also be attached to external keyboards in education , PDAs are sometime used to give pupils portable individual computing capability as they move around school and even to take home for homework purpose.

15. Common handheld portable digital device Mobile phone A mobile is a portable wireless phone which [picks up its signal from a network of sites around the country mobile phones are usually powered by rechargeable batterie text messages and pictures.

16. Common handheld portable digital device Smartphone A smartphone is mobile phone with additional features the extra features can include such things as pc functionality internet access multimedia capabilities.

17. Common handheld portable digital device Multimedia players can play text audio photos video and graphic in Variety of formats in education this can be an extremely useful way of distributing learning witch can be accessed any time anywhere there is an enormous variety of multimedia players available with different features and functionalities.

18. Know the main parts of a computer Central processing unit (CPU) The powerful microprocessor chip in your computer that handle the central management functions of the computer it is able to do millions of calculations per second and controls the memory access logic control and central processing of data in personal computer .

19. Know the main parts of a computer Memory A computer has temporary memory know as RAM and permanent memory know as ROM the different type of memory are described

20. Know the main parts of a computer Hard disk The hard disk is the main data storage area inside the pc it can hold your software programs and the files you create

21. Know the main parts of a computer Common input and output devices Input and output device

22. Software The term software is used to describe computer programs that perform a task or tasks on a computer system. Software can be grouped as follows: System software - Operating System etc. Utility programs - Antivirus etc. Applications Software - Word, SolidWorks etc.

23. Software Identify and know the uses of some common software application Word processor Letter Long report Lesson plan

24. Software Spreadsheet Collect data Chart information Compare exam result Database Records of pupils details Parent contact list Resource database

25. Software Presentation Introduce an idea Present results of project Give details of a forthcoming Email Correspond with classmates Inter-teacher communication

26. Software Web browsing Lesson plans and resource Homework photo editing School magazine Class projects Computer game Educational games to aid learning

27. Software Web site design Online school prospectus Class website Special project web site Computer aided design Architecture design Design an object to be made in class Design the packaging of an object

28. Software Application Software Application software lets you accomplish specific tasks. Popular application software includes Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, WordPerfect, Acrobat Reader, Internet Explorer, etc. Operating System Software Operating system software controls the overall activity of a computer . Some examples of operating systems are Windows, Unix Linux, DOS, etc.

29. PC Components Computer system - collection of electronic and mechanical devices operating as a unit . The main parts are: System unit Monitor Keyboard Mouse Speakers 2 3 4 5 1

30. System Unit The system unit is the main container for system devices. It protects the delicate electronic and mechanical devices from damage. Typical system unit devices include: Motherboard CPU (Processor) Memory Disk drives Ports - USB etc. Power supply  Expansion cards - sound card, network card, graphics card etc.

31. Peripherals Peripherals are devices that connect to the system unit using cables or wireless technologies. Typical peripherals include: Monitor Keyboard Printer Plotter Scanner Speakers Plotter

32. System Devices Processor(CPU) / central processing unit An integrated circuit (IC) supplied on a single silicon chip. It’s function is to control all the computers functions . The main processor manufacturers are: AMD Processor

33. System Devices Computer program - a series of instructions. When a program is run, the processor carries out these instructions in an orderly fashion. Typical instructions include: Arithmetic - addition, subtraction etc Logical - comparing data and acting according to the result Move - move data from place to place within the computer system - memory to the processor for addition - memory to a printer or disk drive etc.

34. System Devices Processor speed - measured in megahertz ( MHz ) or Gigahertz ( GHz ) - the speed of the system clock ( clock speed ) within the processor and it controls how fast instructions are executed: 1 MHz - 1 million clock ticks every second 1 GHz - 1 billion clock ticks every second Latest trend - multi-core processors can have two, three or four processor cores on a single chip.

35. System Devices Random Access Memory (RAM) Primary storage - main computer memory. Data, programs currently in use are held in RAM Volatile - contents of memory are lost if the computer is turned off IC’s Memory Module

36. System Devices Memory is sold in modules: DIMM’s (dual inline memory module) for desktop computers SODIMM’s (small outline dual inline memory module) for notebook computers DIMM Module SODIMM Module

37. System Devices Motherboard Mainboard or system board - the main circuit board for the computer system. All device in the computer system will either be part of the motherboard or connected to it. Processor Socket Memory Sockets Ports PCI Slots Graphics Slot Chipset

38. System Devices Chipset - controls data flow around the computer. It consists of two chips : Northbridge - data flow between memory and processor - data flow between the processor and the graphic's card Southbridge - controls data flow to the devices - USB, IDE, SATA, LAN and Audio - controls PCI slots and onboard graphics

39. System Devices Buses - a path through which data can be sent to the different parts of the computer system. Main buses:

40. System Devices Power Supply A computer power supply has a number of functions: Converts Alternating current (AC) Direct current (DC) Transforms mains voltage (240 Volts) to the voltages required by the computer. The main voltages are: 12 volts for the disk drives as they have motors 3.3 and 5 volts for the circuit boards in the computer

41. System Devices Ports Computer ports are interfaces between peripheral devices and the computer . They are mainly found at the back of the computer but are often also built into the front of the computer chassis for easy access. Ports at the rear of the computer Ports at the front of the computer

42. System Devices Serial port - a 9-pin port. Often called Com ports - Com1, Com2 etc. Mice and external modems were connected to these ports. They are turquoise in colour. Parallel port - a 25-pin port used to connect printers, scanners, external hard disks, zip drives etc. to the computer. Burgundy in colour, they are often called LPT ports - LPT1, LPT2 etc

43. System Devices Video port - used to connect a monitor to the computer system . There are two types:   VGA port - This is a 15-pin port and is blue in colour. It is an analogue port and is being replaced by the DVI port. DVI port - white in colour, it is a digital port. This means that no conversion is necessary between the computer and the monitor and that means that images can be produced more quickly on the monitor

44. System Devices PS/2 port - used to connect keyboards and mice to the computer. The keyboard port is purple and the mouse port is green Modem port - used to connect a modem to a telephone line. RJ11 is the technical term for the port

45. System Devices USB port - intended to replace Serial, Parallel and PS/2 ports with a single standard. 127 devices can be connected to a single USB port. Hot swappable - devices can be connected and disconnected while the computer is on There are different USB standards in use:   USB 1 - original standard - transfer data of 1.5MBps. USB 2 - current standard - transfer rate of 60MBps. USB3 - future standard (2009) transfer rate of 600MBps

46. System Devices FireWire port - (IEEE 1394) is an Apple technology There are two versions available and a third is planned:  FW 400 - transfer rate of 50MBps . FW 800 - transfer rate of 100MBps . FW S3200 - transfer rate of 400MBps .   USB devices must be connected to a host computer while FireWire devices can be connected to each other without using a computer.

47. System Devices Ethernet port - used to connect to a network. Known as RJ45 , it is larger than a modem port. Audio ports - used to input and output audio from the computer. Three mini jack ports but there may be more: Light blue - Line in - connect external devices Lime - Connect the speakers to this port. Pink - Connect a microphone to this port.

48. System Devices Graphics card

49. System Devices Graphic card - screen images are made up of dots called pixels (picture elements). The graphics card must process each of these pixels to create the image.   The resolution of a screen is the number of pixels being displayed. Typical resolutions include:   800 x 600 - 480,000 pixels 1024 x 768 - 786,432 pixels 1280 x 1024 : - 1,310,720 pixels 1600 x 1200: - 1,920,000 pixels

50. System Devices There are two types of graphic card available: AGP (accelerated graphics port) - the older technology but still available. It can output in analogue or digital or both. PCI-Express - the newer technology - faster than AGP. Allows for two graphics cards to improve the performance - called Scalable Link Interface (SLI). PCI-Express can also output in analogue or digital or both. These cards are mutually exclusive and the choice is made according to the graphics slot on the motherboard.

51. System Devices Sound card 1 2 3

52. System Devices The main functions of a sound card are:   To use a DAC (digital to analogue converter) to prepare audio for speakers etc. To use an ADC (analogue to digital converter) to convert the audio coming into the computer.   A sound card can be connected to the following:   Analogue input devices - Microphone, Radio, Tape deck, Record player etc Headphones and speakers Output to tape etc.

53. System Devices Network card allows computers join a network. Can be wired or wireless. The standard used is called Ethernet - covers wired and wireless networks. The wired standards include: Fast Ethernet - transmission speed of 100Mbps . Gigabyte Ethernet - transmission speed of 1000Mbps . PCI PC card USB

54. System Devices The wireless standards include:   The B standard - introduced in 1999, it has a transmission rate of 11Mbps and a range of 30 Metres . The G standard - introduced in 2003, it has a transmission rate of 54Mbps and a range of 30 Metres . The N standard - introduced in 2006, it has a transmission speed of 540Mbps and a range of 50 metres . PCI PC Card USB

55. System Devices modem Internet access using a telephone line. Converts the digital computer data to analogue ( Mo dulation) before transmission over the telephone line and converts the analogue data to digital ( DEM odulation ) before transmission to the computer. The device gets it’s name from these two terms. The standard transmission speed of a modem is 56Kbps . PCI USB

56. System Devices Hard Disk Primary storage (memory) - volatile - contents lost when power is turned off. Secondary storage (disk drives) - non-volatile - can store files when power is turned off. In memory, voltages are used to store data as binary 1’s and binary 0’s. It was decided to mimic the situation for secondary storage using magnetism instead of electrical voltages to represent the binary data.

57. System Devices Optical drives An Optical Drive refers to a computer system that allows users to use DVDs, CDs and Blu-ray  optical drives . The Drive contains some lenses that project electromagnetic waves that are responsible for reading and writing data on optical discs. Optical drives are integral parts of electronics devices such as VCD players, CD players, Blu-ray players, DVD players, and certain video games consoles such as Microsoft Xbox one, Sony PlayStation 2, 3&4 and Nintendo Wii 

58. System Devices CD-R Stands for "Compact Disc Recordable." CD-R discs are blank CDs that can record data written by a CD burner. The word "recordable" is used because CD-Rs are often used to record audio, which can be played back by most CD players. However, many other kinds of data can also be written to a CD-R, so the discs are also referred to as "writable CDs."

59. System Devices DVD’s hold a lot more data than CD’s. They can have several layers, each holding 4.7GB of data. The possibilities are Dual layer disks have two reflective layers, one which can be penetrated at a certain intensity

60. System Devices Card readers Replaces floppy drives in new computers. They can read media cards from most digital cameras: Microdrive : Smart media : SD memory card : Memory stick/Duo/Pro : xD picture card : Card reader drive

61. What is memory Memory RAM ROM cache memory Flash memory

62. memory Candidates should be able to : describe the difference between RAM and ROM explain the need for ROM in a computer system describe the purpose of RAM in a computer system explain how the amount of RAM in a personal computer affects the performance of the computer explain the need for virtual memory describe cache memory describe flash memory discuss how changes in memory technologies are leading to innovative computer designs.

63. What is memory? Memory is the term commonly used to refer to a computer system’s random access memory the term memory has also been used to refer to all types of electronic data storage a computer system memory is the crucial to it’s operation without memory a computer could not read programs or retain data

64. What is ROM and RAM? Random access memory (RAM) This is electronic memory which temporarily store information I n side a computer RAM work like a blackboard that is constantly over written with new data as an example if you ‘ve typed a letter but haven’t yet saved it what you can see on the screen is held in the temporary RAM the amount of RAM in your computer determine the number of program you can run at once and how fast your program will operate any data stored in RAM is temporary if you do not save the data permanent memory such as the hard disk it will disappear when you turn off the computer or lose power

65. Read only memory (ROM) This is type of memory the permanently stores information even when the power is turned off once data is programmed in to ROM its contents cannot be easily altered for example ROM BIOS chips fitted to the computer’s motherboard are used to store information for starting up your computer and preparing the computer to load the operating system such as Microsoft windows ROM chips are also used to store programs for hand-held computer Computer CDs and DVDs can also be form of ROM

66. Storage The main type of storage media CD DVD USB flash Memory card Internal hard disk

67. Storage CD These are small fast and cheap removable disks with a memory of approximately 700mb these interchangeable disks are capable of storing the equivalent of 450 floppy diskettes

68. Storage DVD These are removable disks like CDs but with a much larger capacity of approximately 4.7gb

69. Storage USB flash drive This is very small inexpensive removable drive that plugs into USB port on a pc it can be purchased in many size sizes from a few megabytes to many gigabytes.

70. Storage Memory card This is very small removable card for data storage over time memory cards have become smaller and smaller with greater and greater storage capability of many gigabytes they are used in mobile phone digital cameras as well as plugging in into appropriate slots in pcs some common types of memory card are SD MMC compact flash an M2

71. Internal hard disk A permanent data storage area that holds all the electronic information and software programs on your computer it is the primary device that a computer uses to store information hard disks capable of storing vast amount of data in multiply gigabytes hard disk speed vary the faster the speed of your hard disk the faster it will store or retrieve data it is wise to defragment your hard disk occasionally to enable it to easily locate and unite parts of files and therefore speed up work on your computer additional hard disk memory makes an affordable way upgrading your computer

72. External hard disk This is hard disk you can remove from your computer and carry about external hard disk are useful for backups and for transferring very large graphic and multimedia files from one location to another

73. Input / Output Devices What is input /output devices

74. Input Devices An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions onto a computer. Six Widely used input devices are the keyboard mouse microphone scanner digital camera and PC video camera.

75. Input Devices keyboard Familiarise yourself with the position of the different keys the more you use the keyboard the quicker your typing will become wireless keyboard and mice are available these have sensor attached to a port on the computer to pick up the action of the keyboard and mouse this enable the input device to be located a convenient place without the restriction of a wire

76. Input Devices mouse This response to hand movement and is used to move the pointer round the screen its button are used to select and active menus button and programs the trackball and touchpad are similar device commonly used with laptop computer or special keyboard

77. Input Devices microphone A microphone can provide a way to talk through or to the computer. Scanner A device that optically scans picture or text document into your computer it you can special software optical character recognition to convert scanned text into a normal text file which can be edited and saved as a regular computer document

78. Input Devices Digital Cameras These take digital pictures image which are store in binary form usually on a memory card within the camera the image can be downloaded to a pc via for example ,USB or firewire port or the memory card from the camera can be inserted into the card slot of a pc these picture can then be store on the pc

79. Output Devices An output device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people. Three commonly used output devices are a printer monitor speakers

80. Output Devices Printer A device that makes a printed copy of your work on a sheet of paper. Produces hard copy output Ink-jet printer Sprays droplets of ink Laser printer Laser produced images Thermal printer Heated element produce image on heat sensitive paper

81. Output Devices Monitor This is the TV-type screen on which you see the work you’re doing on your computer. Most frequently used output device Size is measured by diagonal of screen Common sizes: 15, 17, 19, 21 inches Clarity is indicated by resolution Measured in pixels More pixels = better clarity

82. Output Devices speakers Sometimes speakers are connected to the computer so that you can hear music and sound. Headphone Enable users to have personal audio without the sound being audible to other in the vicinity.

83. Input and output Some device are both input and output devices Touch screen A type of monitor or display with a touch-sensitive membrane over the screen it is an input/output device that enable the user to send commands to the computer by directly touching the screen. Speech recognition program Computer software that understands your voice so you don’t have to type you can use speech recognition to dictate text for a document or to give commands to your computer speech recognition is extremely useful for people who are unable to type

84. How computer work A computer collects, processes, stores, and outputs information. Input Devices An input device lets you communicate with a computer. You can use input devices to enter information and issue commands. A keyboard, mouse and joystick are input devices.

85. How computer work Processing The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main chip in a computer. The CPU processes instructions, performs calculations and manages the flow of information through a compute r system. The CPU communicates with input, output, and storage devices to perform tasks. Storage Devices A storage device holds information. The compute r uses information stored on these devices to perform tasks. The hard drive, the tape drive, the floppy disk, and the CD-ROM drive are storage devices.

86. How computer work Output Devices An output device lets a computer communicate with you. These devices display information on a screen, create printed copies or generate sound. Monitor, printers, and speakers are output devices.

87. Network type What is network? Network type Local area network Wireless local area network Wide area network What is client/server

88. What is network A network refers to two or more connected computers that can share resources such as data, a printer, an Internet connection, applications, or a combination of these resources.

89. Type of network Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

90. Local Area Network (LAN) Contains printers, servers and computers Systems are close to each other Contained in one office or building Organizations often have several LANS .

91. Wide Area Network (WAN) Two or more LANs connected – Over a large geographic area – Typically use public or leased lines Phone lines Satellite The Internet is a WAN 12 communication satellite 13 Hybrid

92. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Large network that connects different organizations Shares regional resources A network provider sells time

93. client/server model Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of computing called the client/server model Figure 15.1 Client/Server interaction

94. Electronic world Internet services for computer E-commerce E-banking E-government E-learning

95. E-commerce Online business to business transactions Online business to consumer transactions Digital delivery of products and services Online merchandising Automated telephone transactions eg phone banking EFTPOS and other automated transfer systems

96. E-banking Logical answer is to use e-channels: Internet WAP based mobile network Automated telephone ATM network SMS and FAX messaging Multipurpose information kiosks Web TV and others … E-channels enable financial transactions from anywhere and allow non-stop working time.

97. E-banking E-Bank E-Bank is transforming banking business into e-Business through utilizing e-Channels Customers’ requests are: Non-stop working time Using services from anywhere E-channels provide: Working time 0 - 24h Great flexibility is transforming banking business into e-Business through utilizing e-Channels E-Bank is transforming banking business into e-Business through utilizing e-Channels E-Bank is transforming banking business into e-Business through utilizing e-Channels

98. E-government E-government refers to the use of Information Technologies such as the Internet to provide services, information, and knowledge in an efficient, cost-effective manner. It allows for closer ties between the citizenry and the public sector.

99. Why is e-Government Important? e-government represents an opportunity to make a major contribution to economic development by assisting businesses to reduce their operating cost in dealing with government and have immediate access to government information. Similarly, the provision of e-services to citizens represents an opportunity to reduce the complexity of dealing with government administration and of bringing citizens and government closer together, thereby making government more transparent and accessible." Government of Jordan

100. E-learning The use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance E-learning is Internet-enabled learning

101. E-learning Internet has started reshaping education. Education will not be the same in the next decade There is no going back. The traditional classroom has to be transformed

102. Any question? Thank you