Infusion by Waqas Siddiqe

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1. liquid-liquid extraction By Daniyal saqib Infusion PRESENTED TO: SIR TOFEEQ UR REHMAN PRESENTER: Waqas Siddiqe Roll no 59

2. 2 INFUSION STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 INTRODUCTION OF INFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF INFUSION TYPES OF INFUSION METHOD OF PREPARATION

3. Our fresh produce promise 3 Introduction of Infusion: A drink, remedy, or extract prepared by soaking tea leaves or herbs in liquid this is known as infusion. OR Infusion is the process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a solvent such as water, oil or alcohol, by allowing the material to remain suspended in the solvent over time (a process often called steeping). An infusion is also the name for the resultant liquid .

4. Examples of infusion 4 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Three popular infusions: coffee, mate  and tea. A common example of an infusion is tea; most varieties of tea call for steeping the leaves in hot water, although some variants (e.g. Moroccan mint tea ) Flavored Oils , Cumber Water and Herbal remedies are also one of the examples of infusions.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF INFUSION 5 Infusions are dilute solutions containing the readily soluble components of crude drugs. Infusions are liable to fungus and bacterial growth and it is necessary to dispense them within twelve hours of their preparation Infusion are usually prepared by diluting one volume of concentrated infusion by ten volumes of water. Formally Fresh Infusions are prepared by macerating the drug for a short period in cold or boiling water is used.

6. Types of infusion 6

7. liquid-liquid extraction By Daniyal saqib Fresh infusions: A fresh infusion is an aqueous solution of active constituents of a vegetable drug prepared by the process of infusion. Example. Fresh infusion of Quassia. Coarse powder of drug is used in the preparation of infusion. Water is used as menstruum . Pharmacopoeia states that fresh infusion should be used within 12 hours after its preparation because it gets spoiled due to fungal or bacterial growth. Fresh infusions

8. 8 Concentrated infusions: Concentrated infusions differ from fresh infusions in that the concentrated infusions are prepared by maceration or percolation process and alcohol is used either as a menstruum or as a preservative. An infusion containing 20 - 25 % alcohol can be stored for sufficiently long time. Example Concentrated compound infusion of Chirata and       Concentrated compound infusion of gentian.   Concentrated infusions

9. Our fresh produce promise 9 GENERAL METHOD OF PREPARATION , Coffee-pot or tea-pot is the simplest form of apparatus used for preparing infusion. Sometimes special pots known as infusion pots are used for the preparation of infusions. It consists of a loose perforated shelf resting on a projection near the top of the pot. Method: In coffee-pot or tea-pot:` i )      The drug is placed at the bottom of the pot. Water is added and it is well stirred three or four times during the period of infusion. ii)    Infusion can also be prepared by enclosing the drug in a muslin bag and then suspending it just below the level of water in a beaker. Stirring is not required in this case because the water slowly circulates due to the increase in specific gravity of water near the drug. In infusion pot: The drug is placed on the perforated shelf. The pot is filled with water and the perforated shelf is adjusted below the surface of water.

10. 10 . The drug is usually coarsely powdered very fine powder being avoided 50 mg. Moisten the drug in suitable vessel provided with a cover with 50 ml of cold water. Allow to stand for 15 mins. Then add 900 ml of water cover the vessel tightly. Allow to stand for 30 mins. Then strain the mixture, pass enough water to make the infusion measure 1000 ml. Some drugs are supplied in accurately weighed in muslin bags for preparing specific amounts of infusion As the fresh infusions do not well they should be made extemporaneously and in small quantities. GENERAL METHOD FOR PREPARING FRESH INFUSION

11. 11 . GENERAL METHOD FOR PREPARING CONCENTRATED INFUSION The official monographs also recognize that certain concentrated infusions in which 25 % alcohol is added during or subsequent to the infusion process. Concentrated infusions are especially prepared in which the active or desirable principles of drug are equally are soluble in water or in the menstruum used for concentrated infusions.

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