infusion.pptx

Infusion

1. Dr. Pankaj Dwivedi HOD OPP College “ IV Infusion ”

2. Intravenous Infusion Intravenous is the term means “into the vein” IV Infusion

3. What is IV infusion? A n I V i n fu s ion is a slow dr i p o f med i cat i on into the vein over a set period to del i ver a volume of of time constant therapy

4. History of IV infusion Intravenous technology started from studies on cholera treatment in 1831 It was further developed in 1930s but was not widely available until the 1950s

5. Intra Venous Infusion Procedure & Equipment's Equipment's Containers Drip chamber Tubing Filters Spikes Needle Adhesive tape Constricting band Antiseptic and 2 x 2 gauze

6. IV Infusion Procedure Select a suitable vein for venipuncture. Prepare the venipuncture site. Apply a constricting band two inches above the venipuncture site. The constricting band should be tight enough to occlude venous flow, but not so tight that distal pulses are lost. Select and palpate a prominent vein. Cleanse the skin with an alcohol swab .Allow the site to dry. c. Don gloves. d. Perform the venipuncture. (1) With the dominant hand, position the distal bevel of the needle up and insert the cannula into the vein at approximately a 30 degree angle (figure 1-10).

7. (2) continue inserting the needle until blood is observed in the flash chamber of the catheter. (3) decrease the angle to 15 to 20 degrees and carefully advance the cannula approximately 0.5 centimeter farther (figure 1-11).

8. (4) Place a finger over the vein at the catheter tip and put pressure on the vein to prevent blood from flowing out the catheter (5) Remove the needle while maintaining firm catheter control. IV Infusion Procedure

9. IV Infusion Procedure Remove the constricting band. Obtain venous blood samples as required. Attach the administration tubing to the cannula hub while maintaining stabilization of the hub with the non-dominant hand.

10. H. Open the flow-regulator clamp and observe for drips in the drip chamber. Allow the fluid to run freely for several seconds. I. Adjust to the desired flow rate. J. Clean the area of blood, if necessary, and secure the hub of catheter with tape, leaving the hub and tubing connection visible. Make a small loop in the iv tubing and place a second piece of tape over the first to secure the loop

11. IV Infusion Procedure Apply a 2×2 or a transparent dressing tegaderm over the venipuncture site Label a piece of tape with date and time the IV was initiated, the catheter size, and your initials. Secure the tape over the dressing. Monitor the casualty and continues to observe the venipuncture site for signs of infiltration . Remove your gloves and disposes of them appropriately. Document the procedure on the appropriate medical form.

12. Plasma drug concentration for IV infusion following one compartment model The pharmacokinetics of a drug given by constant IV infusion follows zero order input process in which the drug is infused directly into the systemic blood circulation . CpD B V D R K

13. For most drugs elimination of drug from the plasma is first order process. Therefore in the one compartment model infused drug follows zero order input and first order.

14. Loading Dose Loading dose is the minimum effective dose which is given initially at a time to obtain the steady state plasma drug concentration as early as possible.

15. we use a loading dose to rapidly achieve therapeutic conce n trat i on of a drug Css achieved i mmediate l y Obtained desired concentration

16. IV Infusion with loading dose D L

17. Time required for achieving 99% of steady state level in terms of t1/2 An infinite long period of time is required to reach steady state drug levels. In practice, it is quite acceptable to reach 99% steady state level. We know that, C ss =R/K.V d 99% steady state level is: 99% r/ k.V d

18. C p =C ss IV infusion Loading dose IV bolus dose Steady state Plasma drug concentration

19. Loading dose + IV infusion

20. Main reason for giving a drug by slow iv infu s ion In case of IV infusion ,When drug is administered rapidly , it tends to increase the volume of the blood . As a result, hypervolemia may occur, thereby slowly infused. Slow IV infusion may be used to avoid side effects due to rapid drug administration .eg: Intravenous immune globulin may cause a rapid fall in blood pressure when infused rapidly.

21. Main reason for giving a drug by slow iv infu s ion Some antisense drug injected rapidly by IV to the body, it cause a rapid fall in blood pressure. The rate of infusion is particularly important in administering anti- arrythmic agents in patients. The rapid IV bolus injection of many drugs that follow the pharmacokinetic of multi-compartmental models, may cause an adverse response due to the initial high drug conc.eg: If heparin is injected or infused at a faster rate, cardiac arrest may arise.

22. Adv a nt a ges Rapid administration of solution Avoids first pass metabolism 100% bioavailable Prevent the growth of cancerous cells

23. Advantage Rapid delivery of the drug/fluid to target sites Suitable route Plasma level Body Temperature

24. IV nu t rient therapy

25. Disadvantage Painful & Fearful Supervisor required to administer Infection

26. Disadvantage Irreversible C o agulation

27. CATEGORIES IV infusion can be categorized according Different types of solutions And depending on the function they serve

28. IV Solutions

29. Function includes Replace lost blood Provide n u tri e nts Deliver medica t ions Replace lost fluids