injuries and Accidents.pptx by sheetal 73

About various types of injuries and Accidents,prevention, management and national programmes for prevention and management of injuries and Accidents

1. Injuries and Accidents Ms. Sheetal B,sc.nursing V semester Uttaranchal college of nursing

2. Introduction An injury is damage to your body. It is general term that refers to harm caused by accidents, falls, hits ,weapons and more. Accidents are a common feature of the human experience and result in injury or permanent disability to large numbers of peoples worldwide every year. Unexpected event, typically sudden in nature and associated with injury loss, or harm.

3. Definition Accidents : An unexpected unpland occurrence which may involved injury. Occurrence in a sequence of events which usually produces unintended injury death or property damage.

4. Injuries A bodily lesion due to acute exposure to energy beyond the physiological tolerance. physical harm or damage to someone’s body caused by an accident or an attack.

5. Epidemiology of injuries

6. Types of injuries and Accidents Road traffic accidents Industrial accidents Railway accidents Violence Domestic accidents Drowning, burns, falls,poisoning , snake bite etc.

7. Road traffic accidents

8. RTA Approximately 1.19 million people die each year at a result of road traffic crashes. Road traffic accident means an accident caused by arising out of collision between two or more motor vehicles against any external objects. 46% dying on road are pedestrians, cyclist and motorcyclist.

9. Risk factors of RTA Speed Drunk and driving Motorcycle helmets Seat belt Child restrains Distracted driving

10. Prevention of RTA

11. Railway accidents

12. Domestic accidents

13. Domestic accidents Drowning: Respiratory impairment from submersion / immersion into liquid. One of the major public health problem. Third leading cause of unintentional death/injury. High mortality rates. Consciousness lost in 2 minutes irreversible brain damage after 5 to 6 minutes.

14. Drowning risk factors Age under 5 years Gender –male Infant left unsupervised Alcohol use Tourist unfamiliar with local water body risks

15. Drowning : prevention Engineering methods Development and implementation of save water supply / drainage system. Creating safe water zones for recreation. Covering of Wells. Emptying buckets and bath tubs and storing them upside down. Education for individuals and communities to build awareness risk and to aid in response if a drowning occur.

16. Burns Injury to the skin or other organic tissue primary caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, friction, electricity or contact with chemicals. Thermal burns Hot liquids Hot solids flames

17. Burns- problem Estimated 1 million people are moderately or severely burnt every year in India. Non fatal burns-leading cause of morbidity including prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement and disability, often with resulting stigma and rejection.

18. Risk factors Gender- females Age –adult women, children (11 th leading cause of death in children between 1 to 9 years & 5 th main cause of childhood injuries. Occupational exposure Poverty, overcrowding lack of proper safety measures. Placement of young girl in household roles. Alcohol abuse and smoking. Inadequate safety measures for LPG and electricity.

19. Burns – prevention Hazards of specific burn injuries Education of vulnerable population Training of communities in first aid Multi- sectoral Increase efforts for implementation of safety measures.

20. Burns- first aid Do’s. Don’ts Remove clothing and irrigation. Not ensuring your safety use school water for irrigation. Not wearing gloves for chemical Roll on the ground. Applying oil,turmeric,cotton,ice . Apply blanket. Prolonged cold water exposure. Use fire extinguisher. Opening blisters. wrap in clean cloth and transport. Applying directly over wound.

21. Falls Second leading cause of unintentional injury death after road traffic accident. 80% fatal falls- low and medal income countries. That rates highest among adults more than 60 years. Children and young adults-largest number of hospital visits. Fall from rooftops ,balcony ,window ,stairs are common. Falling from coconut / palm tree, children fall from rooftop while playing kites .high incidence of fall among construction and forestry workers.

22. Risk factors Occupation at elevated heights. Alcohol + substance abuse. Overcrowding Physical inactivity Loss of balance, particularly among older people. Limited vision Neuro or cardiac condition Side effects of medication

23. Fall: prevention Children: Multifaceted community programmes Engineering modification of nursery furniture playground equipments . Legislation for use of window guard.

24. Other individual: Screening the living environment/arrangement for risk of fall Clinical examination to identify risk factors Treatment of low blood pressure Vitamin D and calcium supplementation Treatment of visual impairment Prescription of appropriate assistive devices Muscles strengthening exercises

25. Snake bites Neglected public health problem 5 million snake bite each year 1 lakh deaths Most common in Asia Africa and Latin America Most common among children ,women and farmers in poor rural communities in low and common middle income countries.

26. Snake bite-first aid National snake bite protocol (2008) Reassure the patient Immobilize the bitten and part Don’t give alcohol or stimulants Remove any tight clothing constricting the bitten part Do not incise or manipulate the bitten part Transport the patient for definitive treatment

27. National programmes for prevention of injuries and accident National program for prevention and management of trauma and burn injury (NPPMTBI) This program aims to reduce preventable death due to road accident by developing a pan- india trauma care network. It ensures that no trauma victim has to be transported for more than 50 km and that a designated trauma centre is available at every100 KM. 2. Trauma care programme Initiated during the 9 th five year plan, this program focused on strengthening emergency facilities along it continued into the 10 th and 11 th five year plans, expanding to include 116 trauma care facilities.

28. 3.Burn injury management programme: This component was initiated during the 11 th five year plan and implemented at a national level during the 12 th five year plan. It focuses on financial assistance for developing infrastructure and procuring essential equipment for burn injury management. 4.Comprehensive National program for reporting and investigating occupational accident, injuries and diseases This program focuses on the occupational sector aiming to improve reporting and investigation processes related to workplace accidents and injuries.

29. 5.National programmes and systems of occupational safety and health: Guided by ILO’s (the international labor organization) promotional framework for occupational safety and health convention this program works towards continuously improving the occupational safety and health situation through strategic and activity based National program.

30. Bibliography World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World health organization,2004. Dr.E.krug World health organization. Road traffic fact World health organization 2006. R.P.saxena “textbook of community health nursing,2 nd edition.Lotus publishers Jalandhar City New Delhi – 2018.