inorganic polymers and their applications in our daily life

inorganic polymers are very well known in our daily life. We Use this in our life everytime everywhere so we need to know how the structure is and from this we further make so many compounds and use this in a bertter way.

1. BURDWAN RAJ COLLEGE THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Name – Subhajit pal Semester -- 6 University Roll Number -- 210210400153 University Register Number – 202101001192 of 2021-2022 Paper -- DSE 4 Inorganic Polymer and Their Applications

2. Introduction Inorganic polymers, characterized by non-carbon-based backbones, encompass a diverse array of materials including silicates, silicones, boron polymers, and phosphazenes . These materials exhibit unique properties, such as high thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength, which distinguish them from organic polymers. This presentation will explore the structure and applications of key inorganic polymers: Silicates : Fundamental to construction materials, glass, and ceramics, and used in desiccants, adsorbents, and catalysts. Silicones : Versatile polymers found in medical devices, sealants, adhesives, and personal care products due to their stability and flexibility. Polymers of Boron : High-temperature materials used in aerospace, catalysts, and neutron absorbers for nuclear applications. Phosphazenes : Known for their flame retardant properties, these polymers are utilized in elastomers, biomedical applications, and as flexible materials for seals and gaskets. Inorganic polymers are integral to various industries, providing essential solutions and advancing technological innovations.

3. Types of polymer Polymers Organic Polymer Inorganic Polymer Silicates Silicones Polymers of Boron Phosphazenes

4. Silicates Types These are simple silicates which contain discrete (SiO 4 ) 4- unit. These are also called silicon tetraoxide anion. Oxygen atom from coordinate bonds with associated cations. For example phenacite (Be 2 SiO 4 ), PyroSilicates are formed when two tetrahedral (SiO 4 ) 4- Unit share a common oxygen. These are either an ionic compound that contain (Si 2 O 7 ) 6- Anion or hexavalent O 3 Si-O-SiO 3 group. PyroSilicates also known as Disilicates. When two oxygens of each (SiO 4 ) 4- unit are share each other cyclic or ring silicates are obtained. The primary unit cyclic Silicates is (SiO 3 ) 3- . There are two types of cyclic ion (Si 3 O 9 ) 6- , (Si 6 O 18 ) 12- . Simple chain silicates are formed by sharing oxygen atom or two corners of each tetrahedral. The general formula of cyclic silicates is (SiO 3 ) n 2n- These are formed by sharing of three atoms of each (SiO 4 ) 4- units. This sharing gives an infinite two dimensional sheets. Sheet Silicates contain (Si 2 O 5 ) n 2n- type anion. When all the four oxygens of (SiO 4 ) 4- units are shared an infinite three dimensional network is obtained. Since all the oxygens are shared the silicate is neutral. They have general formula (SiO 2 ) n . For example quartz, tridymite. OrthoSilicates PyroSilicates CyclicSilicates ChainSilicates SheetSilicates 3D Silicates

5. Silicates Application

6. Silicones Silicones are also known as polysiloxanes Silicones consist of an inorganic silicon-oxygen backbone chain (⋯-Si-O-Si-O- SiO -⋯) with organic side groups attached to the silicon atoms. Silicones exist in many forms like silicone oil, silicone grease, silicone rubber, silicone resin, etc. The most common siloxane is linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicone oil . (PDMS) Applications 1.Used in laboratory For lubricating stoppers. 2. Used in laboratory as heat-exchange fluid. 3.Used as electric grease for aircraft and car ignition system 4.Used as hydraulic fluids in machienery where powder is transferred 5.Used as mould -release agent 6.Insulation & Lamination 1.Used in cookware industry, particularly bakeware and kitchen utensils and as an insulator for fast heating. 2.Electronic components are sometimes encased in silicone to increase stability against mechanical and electrical shock. 3.Used in aircraft and automotive industry as sealants. 1. BIO-MEDICAL APPLICATION : Used in plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery and in pipes for medical purpose. 2. Used in cookware industry as ice cube trays, baby products , etc. 3. Used in day to day stuff like bands, mobile covers, keyboard protector .

7. Polymers of Boron Types Borazine( B 3 N 3 H 6 ) Substituted Borazine Boron Nitride (BN) n B- trimethylborazine [B(CH 3 ) 3 (NH 3 )] Boroxine (BH) 3 O 3 N- trimethylborazine (BH) 3 [N(CH 3 )] 3 Applications 1.**Boron Nitride:** Used as a lubricant in high-temperature applications, in thermal management materials, as a mold release agent, and in cosmetics. 2.**Borazine:** Used as high-temperature lubricants, catalysts, and even as a precursor for making ceramic materials. However, its direct everyday applications are limited due to its specialized properties and production costs. 3.**Boroxine:** Boroxine, with a cyclic structure of B, O, and H atoms, is rare in daily life but is used in chemical research, coordination chemistry studies, and as a building block in organic synthesis. 4.** N- trimethylborazine :** N- trimethylborazine , a boron-nitrogen-hydrogen compound, is primarily utilized in specialized applications like chemical vapor deposition processes, as a precursor in materials synthesis for microelectronics, and in some niche chemical research endeavors. 5.** B- trimethylborazine :** B- trimethylborazine , a boron-containing compound, is used in specific applications such as chemical vapor deposition processes for manufacturing thin films, and in research for specialized materials like boron nitride and other boron-containing compounds.

8. Polyphosphazenezs Polyphosphazenes are the large class of inorganic macromolecules. The polymer backbone consists of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with two side groups ,R , being attached to each phosphorus.The side groups may be organic , organomettalic or inorganic units. Types Polyphosphonitrilic chlorides [NPCl 2 ] n Polydimethoxy-Phosphazenes [NP(OCH 3 ) 2 ] n Polydiethoxy-Phosphazenes [NP(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 ] n Applications 1.**Fuel Cell:** : A fuel cell is a device that produces electricity by efficient electrochemical conversion of fuel. Polyphosphazene is currently the highest performing membrane material for Methanol based ProtonExchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells. 2.**Medical:** Polyphosphazenes make ideal medical polymers because of their biocompatibility and high affinity for water, etc. Medical applications include: Drug Delivery, Biological Membranes, Coatings, and polymeric medical devices. Phosphazenes are also used as composite materials in medicines 3.*Artificial blood vessel:** Due to their biocompatibility and resemblance with hydrophobic portion of protein, Phosphazenes are used to manufacture artificial blood vessels 4.*Membrane:** Polyphosphazenes are being used to make membranes more thermally, mechanically, and chemically stable. They are mainly used in electrodialysis, microfiltration and ultra-filtration. 3.*Fire resistance:** Cyclo- and poly ( phosphazenes ) are used as fire resistant materials.

9. Conclution In conclusion, inorganic polymers, with backbones of elements like silicon, phosphorus, and boron, offer unique properties such as high thermal stability and chemical resistance. These characteristics make them invaluable in various fields, including electronics, medical devices, aerospace, and automotive industries. They are used in semiconductors, implants, high-performance components, protective coatings, optical devices, and flame-retardant materials. The ongoing development of new inorganic polymers continues to expand their applications, addressing emerging technological challenges and enhancing existing solutions. Their versatility and distinctive properties ensure they remain critical to advancements in materials science and engineering. Conclution

10. Acknowledgement I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to our esteemed Head of the Department, Dr. Dipankar Das, for his unwavering support and encouragement throughout the preparation of this presentation. His insightful guidance and constructive feedback have been invaluable in shaping the content and ensuring its relevance and clarity. I also wish to express my sincere thanks to all the teachers of our college for their constant support and encouragement. Their dedication to imparting knowledge and fostering a conducive learning environment has been a source of inspiration for me. This presentation is a culmination of the collective efforts, wisdom, and guidance of our department. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to present my work in such a nurturing and intellectually stimulating environment. Thank you.

11. Thank you!