Input & output unit processor

Input &output unit processor

1. INPUT /OUTPUT UNIT
AND PROCESSOR

2. JASHORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, BANGLADESH
Made by:. Famia Rahma… Md. Moniruzzaman..JubayerHossain..
RonyAkther
Edited & published: Md. Humayunkobir
Department : Agro product processing technology

3. Learning Outcome
•Input unit and its function
•Types of input devices
•Output unit and its function
•Types of output devices
•Processor
•Working ofprocessor
•Basic knowledge aboutprocessor
•Components ofCPU
•Explain about single, double and multi core processors
•conclusion

4. Input unit
The input unit is formed by the input devices attached to the
computer. Input devices are used to interact with a computer
system or used enter data and instructions to the computer.
These devices convert input data and instructions into a suitable
binary form such as ASCII, which can be acceptable by the
computer

5. Function of Input unit
In brief, an input unit performs the following function:
•It accepts data and instruction from the outside worlds.
•It converts these data and instruction into computer understandable
from a binary form.
•It supplied the converted data and instruction to the computer
system for further processing

6. Types of input devices
Following are some of the important input devices which are used in a
computer −
•Keyboard
•Mouse
•Joy Stick
•Scanner
•Microphone
•Touch screen

7. Keyboard
•Keyboard Was Invented ByChristopher Latham Sholes4c
•A Keyboard is a human interface device whichis represented as layout of button orkeys.
•Keyboard is the most common input device used for entering text data directly into a
computer.
•A computer keyboard is similar to that of a typewriter, but it has additional keys aswell.
•The most common available computer keyboard has 104keys.

8. Mouse
•Mouse Was Invented In during 1960’s. By Douglas Engalebart.
•Mouse is another popular input device used with moderncomputers.
•It is basically a pointing device used to provide input in graphic-user interface operating
systems.
•It is a small palm size box, which appears a bit like amouse.
•Mouse can be used to control and manipulate cursor movement on monitor.
•There are three types ofmouse mechanical mouse,opticalmouse , wireless mouse.

9. Joystick
•Joystick Was Invented In 1972. By Ralph H. Baer,.
•A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its
angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
•This is principal control device in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either
as a centrestick or side-stick.
•Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-
buttons whose state can also be read by the computer.
•Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater
unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs etc.

10. Scanner
•ÉdouardBelin's Belinographof 1913, scanned using a photocell and transmitted over
ordinary phone lines, formed the basis for the AT&T Wirephotoservice.
•A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine
pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
•Scanners come in hand-held, feed-in, and flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white
only, or color.
•Some major manufacturers of scanners include: Epson, Hewlett-Packard, Microtek, and
Relisys.

11. Microphone
•A microphone, colloquially called a mic or mike, is a device –a transducer –that converts
sound into an electrical signal.
•Microphone is the commonly used audio input device in computers. It is used to amplify
or record the sounds using computers.
•These are the devices that transfer sound inputs to the computer.
•Microphones are becoming very common due to the trend of chatting and video
conferencing.

12. Touch screen
•A touchscreen or touch screen is the assembly of both an input and output device.
•Touch screen is a special input device, which only needs a finger touch to supply input to
the system.
•Touch screen are the monitors with a special pressure sensitive screen that detects the
touch of a finger on a particular point of time.
•Most of the items are coming in market with touch screen ability.
•The touch panel is normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an
information processing system

13. Output unit
•The output unit is formed by the output devices attached to the computer. Output devices
are used to present results produced by the computer to the users. The output from the
computer is in the form of electric signals, which are then converted into human
understandable form into human-readable form.

14. Function Of Output Unit
In brief, an input unit performs the following function:
•Accepts the result produced by the computer which is in electric binary signals.
•It then converts the result into human readable form.
•Finally, it supplied the converted results to the outside word.

15. Type of output device
Types of Output
Soft-copy output Hard-copy output
•Not produced on a paper or some
material that can be touched and
carried for being shown toothers
•Temporary in nature and vanish after
use
•Examples are output displayed on a
terminal screen or spoken out by a
voice response system
•Produced on a paper or some
material that can be touched and
carried for being shown to others
•Permanent in nature and can be kept
in paper files or can be looked at a
later time when the person is not
using thecomputer
•Examples are output produced by
printers or plotters onpaper

16. Type of output device
Following are some of the important output devices which are mostly used −
•Monitor
•Printer
•Computer Speakers
•Projector
•Plotter

17. Monitor
•A monitor is a softcopy output device that produces output in the form of a picture on
the screen.
•It is just like a television screen usually used to see programs on a computer.
•At present, computer monitors are available in a variety of shapes, designs and
colors.
•Monitor associated with a keyboard is called a video display terminal (VDT).It is the
most popular output device

18. Printer
printer
Dot-Matrix
Printers
Inkjet
Printers
Drum
Printers
Chain/Band
Printers
Laser Printers

19. Dot-Matrix Printers
Character printers that form characters and all kinds of
images as a pattern ofdots
Print many special characters, different sizes of print and
graphics such as charts andgraphs
Impact printers can be used for generating multiple copies by
using carbon paper or itsequivalent
Slow, with speeds usually ranging between 30 to 600
characters persecond
Cheap in both initial cost and cost ofoperation

20. Inkjet Printers
Character printers that form characters and all kinds of
images by spraying small drops of ink on to thepaper
Print head contains up to 64 tiny nozzles that can be
selectively heated up in a few micro seconds by an
integrated circuit register
To print a character, the printer selectively heats the
appropriate set of nozzles as the print head moves
horizontally
Can print many special characters, different sizes of print, and
graphics such as charts andgraphs

21. Drum Printers
Line printers that print one line at atime
Have a solid cylindrical drum with characters embossed on its
surface in the form of circularbands
Set of hammers mounted in front of the drum in such a manner
that an inked ribbon and paper can be placed between the
hammers and thedrum
Can only print a pre-defined set of characters in a pre-defined
style that is embossed on thedrum
Impact printers and usuallymonochrome
Typical speeds are in the range of 300 to 2000 lines per minute

22. Laser Printers
Line printers that print one line at atime
Have a solid cylindrical drum with characters embossed on its
surface in the form of circularbands
Set of hammers mounted in front of the drum in such a manner
that an inked ribbon and paper can be placed between the
hammers and thedrum
Can only print a pre-defined set of characters in a pre-defined
style that is embossed on thedrum
Impact printers and usuallymonochrome
Typical speeds are in the range of 300 to 2000 lines per minute

23. Computer Speakers
Speakers also produce softcopy output in the form of sounds.
Speakers are used to play sound in computers.
They may be built-in or externally connected to your system.
Speakers allow user to listen to music and hear sound effects
and spoken text using computer.

24. Projector
A projector or image projector is an optical device that
projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface,
commonly a projection screen
The most common type of projector used today is called a
video projector.
The newest types of projectors are handheld projectors that
use lasers or LEDs to project images

25. Plotter
Plotter is an output device that draws pictures on a large
piece of paper.
Plotters are mainly used to print maps, layouts, banners, and
reports that are very large in size.
The main advantage of plotter is producing line drawings with
a very high degree or accuracy.

26. Processor
AprocessororCentralProcessingUnit(CPU)isanelectroniccircuit
thatcanexecutecomputerprograms.
Aprocessoristhelogiccircuitrythatrespondstoandprocessesthe
basicinstructionsthatdrivesacomputer.
Acomputerprocessoranalyzesdataandcontrolsdataflowina
computer.
Ithandlesthecentralmanagementfunctionsofahigh-poweredPC.

27. Working of processor
The working of processor mainly consistfour steps i.e.
Fetch, Decode, Execute and Write back. These steps are discussed below
•Fetch : During the fetch step, the processor
retrieves program instructions from memory.
•Decode : In this step, the instruction is broken
down into parts.

28. Working of processor
•Execute :In the execute step, CPU performs
the operation implied by the program
instructions.
•Write back : During the write back step, the
Processor writes back the results of execution, to
the computer's memory.

29. Basic Knowledge of Processor
Basic knowledge of Processor
Clock speed : Clock speed is a
measure of how quickly a
computer completes basic
computations and operations.
It is measured as a frequency
in hertz.
Generally this speed
varies 2.4-3.4 GHz
Core : A processor core is a
hardware unit in the
processor architecture that
can execute instructions
sent to it.
Hyper threading : Thread
are the virtual core and
work like a real core inside
cpu.
When cores assembled
with multi threads then it
is known as Hyper
threading technology.

30. Basic Knowledge of Processor
Basic knowledge of Processor
Cache : The cache is the
first block of RAM which
interact between the main
memory and CPU using
cache controller chip. This
memory helps
processor to fetch
instructions in quick
routine and is very faster
than RAM
Multi Processing:
Simultaneous
processing with two or
more processors in one
computer or two or
more computers
processing together
Parallel processing: The
simultaneous use of
more than one cpu or
processor core to
execute a program or
multiple computational
threads

31. Basic Knowledge of Processor
Basic knowledge of Processor
Arithmetic and
Logic Unit (ALU)
: It carries out
the logical,
algebrical or any
types
calculations
Control unit: It
manages the
fetching,
decoding and
execution of the
instructions.
Registors : It is very fast
temporary storage
locations which hold
data being processed,
instructions being
executed and addresses
of the memory location
to be accessed.
Internal buses :
Buses are used
to transmit
informations
from one place
to another.

32. What is single, double and multi core processors?
Single core: Has one core to process different operations like intel
Pentium
Dual core : Has two cores to process operations; able to process more
information at the same time compare to single core like intel core i3and
i5.
Quad core: Contains two dual core processors in one integrated circuit
and generally used for multi tasking like intel core i7.

33. ANY QUERY

34. THANK YOU