Insect pest and diseases of paddy and its management.pptx

Insect pests and diseases of paddy crop and its management

1. Insect pest and diseases of paddy and its management

2. PESTS OF RICE – BORERS AND FOLIAGE FEEDERS Major pests 1. Yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Pyraustidae Lepidoptera 2. Gall midge Orseolia oryzae Cecidomyiidae Diptera 3. Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia Noctuidae Lepidoptera 4. Leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Pyralidae Lepidoptera 5. Rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis Pyraustidae Lepidopera 6. Rice skipper Pelopidas mathias Hesperiidae Lepidoptera 7 . Spiny beetle/ Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera 8. Whorl maggot Hydrellia sasakii Ephydridae Diptera 9. Rice horned caterpillar Melanitis ismene Satyridae Lepidoptera 10. Yellow hairy caterpillar Psalis pennatula Lymantriidae Lepidoptera Minor pests 11. Grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian Acrididae Orthoptera 12 . Short horned g rasshopper Oxya nitidula Acrididae Orthoptera 13. Blue beetle Halticia cyanea Chrysomelidae Coleoptera 14. Rice root weevil Echinocnemus oryzae Curculionidae Coleoptera 15. Rice root weevil Hydronomidus molitar Curculionidae Coleoptera 16. Rice root grub Arthrodeis sp., Tenebrionidae Coleoptera

3. Major Insect 1. Yellow stem borer: Scirpophaga incertulas ( Pyraustidae : Lepidoptera) Damage symptoms Larva feeds on the stem and causes drying of the central shoot known as “dead heart” in the young seedlings drying of the panicle in grown up plant called “white ear”. Damage ranges from 30-80% ETL 2 egg masses/ m2 10% dead hearts - Vegetative stage 2% white ear - Flowering stage

4. Identification of insect pest Egg -  Laid in a mass and covered with buff coloured hairs. (female lays 170-200 eggs) Larva -  Pale yellow with dark brown head (Infective stage- Larval period) Pupa -  White silken cocoon. Adult Female moth -  bright yellowish brown fore wings with a black spot possess a tuft of yellow hairs. Male moth  - Smaller with pale yellow forewings without black spot . Life Cycle Eggs period- 6-9 Days Larval period- 20-45 Days Pupal period- 9 Days

5. Control Oryzon @ 75ml/acre Czaar @ 250ml/acre Cartavip @ 7.5 Kg/acre

6. Gall midge: Orseolia oryzae ( Cecidomyiidae : Diptera ) Damage symptoms The maggot feeds at the base of the growing shoot causing formation of a tube like gall similar to “onion needle” or “silver-shoot” . Infested tillers produce no panicles. ETL: 10% silver shoots.

7. Orange coloured mosquito like fly is active during night. Lays 100-300 reddish, elongate, tubular eggs just near the ligule of the leaf blade. Maggot pale red during feeding Identification of insect pest Life Cycle – (15-20 Days) Eggs period-3-4Days Larval period- 8-10 Days

8. Control Theron @ 250ml/acre Torpid @ 100g/acre

9. Swarming caterpillar: Spodoptera mauritia ( Noctuidae : Lepidoptera) The caterpillars feed at night and hide during the day. Larvae cut the seedlings in large scale and appears as if grazed by cattle by its nocturnal feeding. The damage is severe in July - September. It breeds on a variety of grasses. ETL- 2 larvae/ sq m 2 damaged tiller/hill

10. Identification of insect pest Egg -  Laid in masses on leaves and covered with grey hairs Larva -  Caterpillar is cylindrical dark to pale green with lateral lines along the body Pupa  - Pupates in an earthen cocoon in soil Adult  - Moth is medium sized stoutly build. Dark brown with a conspicuous triangular spot on fore wings. Life Cycle – Eggs period- 7 Days Larval period- 20-25 Days Pupation period- 10-15 days

11. Control Theron @ 200-250ml/acre Czaar @ 200- 250 ml/acre Elpida @ 100 g/acre

12. Leaf folder (or) leaf roller: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ( Pyralidae : Lepidoptera) Longitudinal and transparent whitish streaks on damaged leaves Tubular folder leaves Leaf tips sometimes fastened to basal part of the leaf ETL 10% damaged leaves in vegetative stage 5% damaged leaves (flag leaf) in flowering stage

13. Identification of insect pest Eggs: Transparent, flat oval yellowish white eggs. Larva: Yellowish green with dark brown heads. Pupa: Light brown to white brown. Adults: Golden yellow in color with brown margins on wings. Life Cycle – (25-35 days) Eggs period- 4-7 Days Larval period- 15-20 Days Pupation period- 6-8 days

14. Control : Czaar @200- 250 ml/ acre Theron @ 200- 250 ml/acre

15. Rice case worm: Nymphula depunctalis ( Pyraustidae : Lepidopera ) The caterpillars feed on green tissues of the leaves and form tubular cases around them by cutting the apical portion of leaves, which float on water. The apical portion of cut leaves bear whitish papery areas since the chlorophyll is scrapped. ETL 2 folded leafs/hill

16. Identification of insect pest Adult is a delicate white moth with pale brown wavy markings. Larva is pale translucent green with orange head. Life Cycle – (19-37 days) Eggs period- 2-6 Days Larval period- 14-20 Days Pupation period- 4-7 days

17. Theron @ 200-250ml/acre Elpida @ 100 g/acre

18. Nymph Adult Plant Hoppers

19. Control- Pymate @ 120gm/Acre Dartus @ 80-100gm/Acre

20. Gandhi/ Earhead Bug: Leptocorisa acuta Eggs: Circular, brownish & laid in cluster on upper surface of leaf blade. Nymph: Small, pale green in color. Adults: Greenish yellow, long & slender with a characteristic buggy odour .

21. Damage & Control Damage : Leaves turn yellow & later rusted from tip downwards. Appearance of numerous brown spots on the feeding sites. Suck out the milk from the newly formed grains. Partial fill & chaffy grains. Control : Spray Torpid @ 150gm/acre Achook @ 5 % / litre

22. PADDY DISEASES & THEIR CONTROL

23. Bakanae Disease or Foot Rot or Seedling Rot: Gibberella fujikuroi It is seed borne fungal disease. The fungus infects plants through roots or crowns. It spread through wind or water. The pathogen is also present in soil or in plant material. Infected plants are abnormally tall with pale thin leaves. Produce few tillers. Produce only partially filled or empty grains.

24. How to identify the disease Check the unhealthy looking seedlings. Infected seedlings have lesions on roots. The infected plants are thin. Yellowish green & pale green leaves. Early infections can cause seedlings to die at early tillering stage. Later infections results in plants that develop few tillers & dry leaves. Control : Broadcast Milduvip @ 300- 400 gm /acre Broadcast Kemplar @400-500 gm /acre

25. Sheath Blight: Rhizoctonia solani It occurs in the areas where the application of nitrogen is high. Oval or ellipsoidal greenish gray lesions on leaf sheath. The lesion are with gray white centers & brown margins. At maturity, lesions will dry & become grayish.

26. ELLIPTICAL GREY SPOT   LEISON ON UPPER PARTS   LEISONS ON LEAF SHEATH SHEATH BLIGHT

27. OUTE Oute is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI ) fungicide containing Thifluzamide 24% SC as active ingredients Preventive as well as Curative action against fungus SDHI fungicides inhibit fungal respiration by blocking ubiquinone- binding site in the mitochondrial complex-II. Oute had excellent activity against sheath blight in rice and Black Scurf in Potatoes. Unique mode of action no cross resistance with existing fungicides. Oute is Japanese (Nissan) product This is registered chemistry used in rice field in Japan, South Korea, Columbia, Vietnam, and China

28. BLB: Xanthomaonas oryzae Long green-yellow spot at tip of leaves. These spots enlarge and turn to yellow. It begins as water soaked stripes on the leaf blade. Drop of bacterial exudates may be observed on young lesions. Wilting of seedlings. Control : Spray Lark 250 ml + 18 g streptocycline / acre SYMPTOMS Bacterial ooze

29. LEAF SHEATH DISCOLOURATION INFECTED PLANT BACTERIAL BLIGHT

30. Brown Spot: Helminthosporium oryzae Infected seedlings have small, circular, yellow brown or brown lesions. Lesions are circular to oval with a light brown to gray center, surrounded by a reddish brown margin. Disrupted grain filling Reduction in grain quality. Control : Spray Kemplar @ 400-500gm/acre

31. BROWN SPOT   SESAME SEED SPOT   INFECTED FIELD Brown Spot

32. Blast: Pyricularia oryzae Leaf Blast : White to gray-green lesions or spots, with dark green borders. Older lesions often become light in color with necrotic borders. Nodal Blast : Nodes become black & break. Basal node of the panicle is infected. Nodal Blast Leaf Blast

33. LEAF BLAST   NODAL BLAST   COLLAR BLAST BLAST

34. Cont… Collar or Neck Blast : The lesions are often gray brown discolorations of the branches of the panicle. Neck region develop a black color. Infection leads to a condition called rotten neck or neck blast. Control Spray Ovitan @160 g/acre Neck Blast

35. False Smut: Ustilaginoidea virens Individual rice grain transformed into a mass of velvety spores or yellow fruiting bodies. Immature spores slightly flattened, smooth, yellow. Mature spores orange and turn yellowish green or greenish black . Reduce grain weight. Control : Spray Kontrol 250 ml or Lark 250 ml/acre Infected Grains

36. INFECTED GRAIN   YELLOW FRUITING BODY   FUNGAL MASS ON GRAINS Flase smut:

37. Grain Discoloration: Fusariam moniliforme The discolored grains are associated with many types of fungi. Occur at the time of panicle initiation stage. Appears at the time of maturity. Normal grain color changes to brownish white color. Control : Spray Kontrol 250 ml + Double 100 ml/acre

38. Portfolio Fitment - GAVL fungicides in Paddy Root Rot/Bakane Milduvip Sheath Blight Loxys/ Kemplar Sheath Blight OUTE Sheath Blight Kontrol/ Turnus Blast/False Smut/Grain Quality Ovitan/ Billiards Sheath Blight OUTE 10 -20 DAT 30-40 DAT 40-45 DAT 50-60 DAT 60-70DAT 70-75 DAT

39. Be Safe and Stay Safe Thank you….