INSECTS SOUND PRODUCTION MACHANISM

These slides provide you a quite easy method to understand the concept of mechanism of sound production in different insects.

1. Topic Machanism of Sound Production in different Insects.

2. PRESENTED BY:- ABDULLAH ARSHAD ROLL NO:- BAGF18M011 SECTION :- ENTOMOLOGY-5 TH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

3. Lets first discuss about how and why different insects produce different sounds by putting the common example of specie HOMOSAPIANS by the grace of Allah Almighty we are blessed with the countless blessings of life just like sound , visionary power , body movement and many more endowments these all help us to survive and survival for the fittest. Similarly in the case of insects they have these qualities too especially sound which help them to get their food , shelter and reproduction different insects produce different sounds for their communication , reproduction and for survival. Here are some different methods by which insects produce different Sounds:- By tapping part of the body against an external object. By friction of one part of the body against another. By vibration of the wings or thoracic wall. By vibration of a special membrane through muscular action. By emission of air.

4. Now we discuss different insects and their Sound production mechanism. DEATH-WATCH BEETLE MACHANISM :- The Sound which produce in death-watch beetles is generally use for their sexual call for mating or for their defence purpose this sound may be produce by tapping the head against the walls of burrow or in some males this sound may be produce by tapping the end of abdomen against the substrate.

5. GRASSHOPPER

6. CRICKETS MACHANISM:- Sound in crickets produce may be use for their mating call or for defense purpose this sound generally produce in their wings on the under side of their wings there is tiny line or microscopic vein which is called FILE their wings also have sharp hard edges which are called SCAPERS due to their body movement the scapers inside the wings vibrate and due to this vibration the sound is produce. Same phenomenon occur in the HOUSE CRICKET , MOLE CRICKETS and FIELD CRICKETS.

7. MOSQUITOES MACHANISM:- Mosquitoes produce buzzing sound by flapping their wings the increase and decrease in frequency of sound depends on the flapping of their wings however female mosquitoes are larger than male mosquitoes and move their wings slower since mosquitoes can tell the difference male and female mosquitoes just by the sound they make.

8. COCKROACHES MACHANISM:- Cockroaches also produce sound by the stridulating during this process they can rubbed the segments of the back of their neck region known as PRONOTUM cockroaches can HISS loudly when they provoked by quickly whistling air out of their abdominal spiracles by rapid contraction. REFERENCE:- WWW.QUORA.COM

9. CICADAS MACHANISM:- If we suspect that cicadas make sound that the same way the crickets make but it is totally wrong , the cicadas have a special organ called TYMBAL that produces sound the tymbal contains a series of ribs that buckle one after the other when cicada flexes its muscles every time a rib buckle the rib produces a click pulling and pushing of the ribs make clicks and produce a buzzing sound.

10. KATYDIDS OR BUSH CRICKETS

11. BUTTERFLIES MACHANISM:- A research published in ANNALS of the ENTOMOLOGICAL society of AMERICA stated that brush footed and swallowtail butterflies have modified twerking an abdominal wiggling movement that triggers sound from tiny structures located at the membranes between their abdominal segments the twittering arises from a pair of so-called sound plates within each structure each of the two sound plates is covered with bumps and dips so that every bump on plat fits an associated dip on the other and interlocking surfaces that produces the sound.

12. BUMBLEBEES MACHANISM:- Simply in bumblebees they are capable of vibrating their wing muscles and thorax when they visit the flowers for pollen collection during pollen collection they vibrate their wings resulting in the production of buzzing sound.

13. MOTHS MACHANISM:- Not all moths are capable of producing sound but some produce a squeaky noises are also known in some death’s head hawk moths they have cross-bones pattern on their heads make puzzle sound and second it sucks in air causing a flap between the mouth and throat called the epipharynx to rapidly vibrate the air is then expelled with the flap open creating a sound.

14. LOCUSTS MACHANISM:- Almost the orthopetra family can make sound by the process of Stridulation but there is little difference between grasshoppers and locusts generally the locusts can make sound by their wings when they fly the locust’s wing membranes between the wing veins become stretched and rigid this stretching and relaxing of wing membranes produce sound.

15. PRAYING MANTIS MACHANISM: - The process of sound production in praying mantis is very simple praying mantis can make a hissing sound when they are in danger this sound generally comes from when air passes through the spiracles present on the abdomen and in some species of mantis the loud hissing sound comes by shaking or rubbing their wings