Installation of Hard Disk

Installation of Hard Disk

1. Imranul Hasan Greenwich University, UK Installation of HDD, CD/DVD

2. Hard Drive Interfaces SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) interfaces dominate today’s market Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) / Enhanced IDE (EIDE) interfaces dominate previous market SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) interfaces is fading away

3. IDE / EIDE Integrated Drive Electronics and Enhanced IDE Hard drive controller is integrated with the drive Uses the AT Attachment (ATA) interface and a 40-pin ribbon cable Everyone calls ATA drives IDE EIDE added some enhancements to IDE Higher capacities Support for non-hard drive devices like CD-ROMs Support for up to 4 hard drives ATA, IDE, and EIDE are used interchangeably today to describe all ATA devices

4. IDE/EIDE EIDE drives connect to the computer via a 40-pin cable and a controller. The controller acts as an intermediary between the hard drive and the external data bus. When the BIOS talks to the hard drive, it talks to the circuitry onboard the hard drive But we still call the connection on the motherboard the hard drive controller (a misnomer) Most PCs provide two onboard EIDE controllers to support up to four hard drives Use the primary controller if you are only connecting one device The other controller is the secondary controller

5. On board controller Expansion controller card Controller Cards

6. Primary and Secondary Controllers

7. IDE/EIDE Cabling EIDE Drives: EIDE drives connect to the controller via a simple 40-pin cable . A single cable can connect up to two hard drives: master and slave based on the jumper settings.

8. 80-wire Ribbon Cables 80-wire ribbon cables still have 40 pins – the extra wires are used to reduce noise ATA/66 and ATA/100 drives can use the 40-pin cable but will operate as an ATA/33 drive.

9. Jumpers and Labels Master and Slave jumpers Jumper settings and geometry shown on the top of the drive itself

10. CMOS The CMOS setup should be updated with the drives geometry after the hard drive is installed in the system: With today’s hard drives you may simply set the type to Auto and the hard drive and CMOS will work it out – up to four ATA devices may be connected The CMOS updates itself every time the PC is started On some older systems you needed to use a menu option called autodection that searched for new hard drives and update CMOS With much older hard drives you must manually enter all of the geometry – support for only two hard drives maximum IBM established 15 preset combinations of hard drive geometries called hard drive types and later added more. AMI eventually created a new user type that allowed users to enter the geometry manually

11. CMOS: Autodetection Choices

12. Jumper settings for Hard Disk Drives The hard drive settings can be, but are not limited to, the following: MS, MA, DS, 0, or M = Master or Device 0. The drive is the first drive to be used on the cable/channel (connected to the end connector on an IDE cable). SL, PK, 1, or S = Slave or Device 1. The drive is the second drive to be used on the cable/channel (connected to the middle connector on an IDE cable). CS, CSEL = Cable Select. The drive can be automatically set up by a capable system.

13. Jumper settings for Hard Disk Drives

14. Motherboard Connectors for Drives 1 - IDE connectors (primary and secondary) 2 - SATA connectors 1 through 4

15. Example: SATA Connections 1 - Power cable connection 2 - SATA cable and connector

16. Jumper settings for 1 hard drive and 1 CD/DVD drive Set the hard disk jumper as CS or Single. Connect the drive using the Master connector on the primary IDE cable. Set the CD/DVD drive jumper as CS. Connect the drive using the Master connector on the secondary IDE cable. Note: When using one Western Digital hard drive on one cable, it may need to be set to "Single". See hard drive documentation for details .

17. Jumper settings for 2 hard drives and 1 CD/DVD drive Set the first hard disk jumper as Master (alternatively, Cable Select selection can be used but set the 2nd hard drive to Cable Select). Connect the drive using the Master connector on the primary IDE cable. Set the second hard disk jumper to Slave (use the Cable Select selection if Cable Select was set on the 1st hard drive). Connect the drive using the Slave connector on the primary IDE cable. Set the CD/DVD drive jumper as Cable Select. Connect the drive using the Master connector on the secondary IDE cable. Note: If Master (MA) is selected on the first device, then the second device on the same cable must be set to Slave (SL). If Cable Select (CS) is used on the first device, then the 2nd device on the same cable must also use CS

18. Jumper settings for 1 hard drive and 2 CD/DVD drives Set the hard disk jumper as Cable Select or Single. Connect the drive using the Master connector on the primary IDE cable. Set the first CD/DVD drive jumper to Master (alternatively, Cable Select can be used if you set the 2nd CD/DVD drive selection to Cable Select). Connect the drive using the Master connector on the secondary IDE cable. Set the second CD/DVD drive jumper to Slave (use Cable Select if Cable Select was used on the 1st CD/DVD drive). Connect the drive using the Slave connector on the secondary IDE cable. Note: If Master (MA) is selected on the first device, then the second device on the same cable must be set to Slave (SL). If Cable Select (CS) is used on the first device, then the 2nd device on the same cable must also use CS.

19. Jumper settings for 2 hard drives and 2 CD/DVD drives Set the first hard disk jumper to Master (Cable Select can be used if you set the 2nd hard drive selection to Cable Select). Connect the drive using the Master connector on the primary IDE cable. Set the second hard disk jumper to Slave (Use Cable Select if Cable Select was used on the 1st HDD). Connect the drive using the Slave connector on the primary IDE cable. Set the first CD/DVD drive jumper to Master (alternatively, Cable Select can be used if you set the 2nd CD/DVD drive selection to Cable Select). Connect the drive using the Master connector on the secondary IDE cable. Set the second CD/DVD drive jumper to Slave (use Cable Select if Cable Select was used on the 1st CD/DVD drive). Connect the drive using the Slave connector on the secondary IDE cable. Note: If Master (MA) is selected on the first device, then the second device on the same cable must be set to Slave (SL). If Cable Select (CS) is used on the first device, then the 2nd device on the same cable must also use CS.

20. Fixing Hard Drive Problems The common causes of hard drive failures are: Corrupted data on good sectors. Corrupted data on physically bad sectors. Installation errors. Boot sector errors. Some great tools for a price: SpinRite by Gibson Research ( www.grc.com ) Norton Utilities ( www.symantec.com ) Also, the hard drive manufacturer may have some free downloadable utilities.

21. Corrupted Data on Good Sectors Power surges, accidental shut downs, corrupted install media, and viruses are common causes of data corruption. Error messages such as the following occur: “The following file is missing or corrupt” “The download location information is damaged” “Unable to load file” A disk-checking utility can be used to rectify such errors.

22. Corrupted Data on Physically Bad Sectors The built-in error correction code (ECC) checks the drive for bad sectors. Disk checkers can be used for fixing problems pertaining to corrupted data (such as the one that comes with Windows – in the Tools tab under the drive properties) Windows 2000 disk checker

23. Installation Errors Connectivity – Connectivity errors can be solved by carefully inspecting the connection system. CMOS –The autodetection feature can be used to ensure that the drive geometry is correct. Partition – These errors can be solved by checking the partition in the FDISK, and making changes to them if required.

24. Boot Sector Errors These errors show up as boot lockups, missing drive letters, invalid partition,or bad or missing command interpreter errors An antivirus program needs to be run to ensure that the boot sector is not affected by any virus. Restore the boot sector from a backup If not available, you might try FDISK /MBR