Instrumentation system

This presentation explains the detailed block diagram of an instrumentation system. This material will be useful for students in electronics / instrumentation engineering.

1. Instrumentation System
EST 130, Part II
Basic Electronics Engineering

2. Contents
•Definition and Block Diagram
•Sensing/Transduction
•Types of Transducers
•Signal Conditioning
•Transmission and Presentation

3. Instrumentation
•Branch of engineering dealing with
instruments.
•Deals with instruments to record, monitor,
indicate and control various physical
parameters such as pressure, temperature
etc.

4. Block Diagram of Instrumentation
System

5. Primary Sensing Element
•Also known as sensor.
•Transducers used as primary sensing
elements.
•Physical quantity (temperature, pressure
etc.) sensed, converted into analog signal.
•Output of transducer an electrical signal
i.e. voltage, current etc.

6. Transducer Classifications
•Primary transducer, detector or sensor
senses a physical parameter (pressure,
humidity, temperature etc.), converts it into
readable physical parameter.
•Secondary transducer converts the output
of primary transducer into electrical signal.
•Eg : Bourdon’s Tube converts pressure
into a displacement, LVDT converts it into
a voltage.

7. Transducer Classifications
•Active transducer –self generating, no external
power supply to produce output. eg:
Thermocouple, Photovoltaic Cell.
•Passive transducer -externally powered,
auxiliary power supply to produce output. eg;
Capacitive, Resistive and Inductive transducers .
•Analog transducer -converts input signal into
analog output. Eg; Strain Gauge, LVDT.
•Digital transducer -converts input signal into
electrical pulses.

8. Transducer Classifications
•Electrical transducers -sense physical
parameter, converts it into electrical signal.
•Mechanical transducers -convert one
form of physical quantity into another form
of physical quantity.
•Optical transducers -convert light into
electrical quantity, also called photoelectric
transducers.

9. Inverse Transducer
•Converts the electric quantity into a
physical quantity.
•High electrical input and low non-electrical
output.

10. Variable Conversion Element
•Converts the output of primary sensing
element into a suitable form without
changing information.
•Secondary transducers.

11. Variable Manipulation Element
•Manipulation -change in numerical value
of signal.
•To convert the signal into suitable range.

12. Data Transmission Element
•Data transmitted from one place to
another place through a channel.
•Transmission path are pneumatic pipe,
electrical cable and radio links.
•Telemetry system uses radio link.

13. Data Presentation or Controlling
Element
•Output is recorded or given to the
controller to perform action.
•Performs different functions like indicating,
recording or controlling.
•Can be a display panel.

14. References
•Your prescribed text books
•https://www.polytechnichub.com
•https://circuitglobe.com/types-of-
transducer.html

15. Thank You…..