Intellectual Property Rights and its Types

The presentation content includes the following:
1. What is IPR?
2. Need for IPR
3. Types of IPR
4. Case examples

1. R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
1
Prepared by:
Mr.R.Arun Kumar & Mr.M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian
Assistant Professors / Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ITS TYPES : IN INDIAN
CONTEXT
Source:
https://www.brainkart.com/arti
cle/Intellectual-Property-Right-
(IPR)_38256/

2. The contents used in the presentation is completely for
educational purpose. The images / logos / brand names used
in the content is demonstrated only for understanding and
not to promote or demote any brands.

2
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source: http://www.pngall.com/disclaimer-symbol-png
Source: https://www.dyroohealthcare.com/disclaimer-2/

3. AGENDA FOR THE WEBINAR:
Day 1:
What is Intellectual Property?
Need of Intellectual Property?
Types of Intellectual Property?
Patents & its criteria
Other forms of IP Rights
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source:
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06619-3

4. INTRODUCTION TO IPR:
The word Property is always closely associated with society.
Properties always gives an unique identity to an individual as
well as organization.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahal
Source:
https://powerselvakumar.blogspot.com/2017/ 08/the-
great-thanjavur-periya-kovil-main.html
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

5. INTRODUCTION TO IPR:
Economic theory says that the value of a property depends on the
gap between demand and supply.
This is also applicable to intangible properties as well.
Source: https://giphy.com/stickers/cute-fun-3oFzmsC4hj2UCetUZy
Onion Theft.mp4
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

6. WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?
A property which is ideated and developed from human intellect
is called ‘Intellectual Property’
These properties can be in various forms which includes books,
artistic works, inventions.
Source: https://tenor.com/search/i-have-an-idea-gifs
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

7. WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) helps an individual or an
organization to protect applications of ideas and
information that are of commercial value.
Source: http://www.orblock.com/
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

8. WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?
 IPR in legal sense facilitates the inventor to own, sell, lease
or license a property which is generated from one’s intellect.
Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/andersonpaak-money-bills-1APhDggUPlkRdK5w1n
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

9. NEED FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:
Prevents infringement by competitors
Gives complete rights to the inventor legally
Minimizes needless investment in R&D
Improves the Innovation index of a country
Helps the inventor to provide licensing agreement to others
Gives monetary benefits to the inventor

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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

10. NEED FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:
Global Innovation Index, 2020
Source: World Intellectual Property Organization
Country
Score
(out of 100)
Global Rank
Switzerland 66.08 1
Singapore 56.61 8
Republic of Korea 56.11 10
Hong Kong 54.24 11
China 53.28 14
Japan 52.70 16
Malaysia 42.42 33
UAE 41.79 34
Vietnam 37.12 42
Thailand 36.68 44
India 35.59 48
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

11. TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:
Patents
Trade Marks
Copyrights
Industrial Designs
Geographical Indications
Trade Secrets
Integrated Circuits 11
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

12. PATENTS:
 Patent is a type of IPR in a documentary form that gives the
Patentee, sole right to make, use or sell an invention and
preventing others from infringement.
 Patents are granted to inventions which is either product or
process. Or a patent is a right granted for any product or
process which is new, inventive, useful and applicable.
Source:
US Patent No.: 7,631,443 – Wheeled
Shovel with Hinge Apparatus
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

13. PATENTS:
Source: https://gfycat.com/hardleanbronco-cricket
Source:
https://giphy.com/gifs/field-cricket-swagger-
zrS3WH7CMqtAA
Non
Tangible
Patent
Tangible
Patent
Paul Hawkins and David Sherry,
Roke Manor Research Ltd, England
Pak vs Eng, April 2001.
Bronte Eckermann,
Zing International Pvt. Ltd., Australia
ICC T20 World Cup, 2014
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

14. PATENTS:
First Patent in World:
 The first recorded patent for an industrial invention was
granted in 1421 in Florence, Italy to the architect and
engineer Filippo Brunelleschi as a 3 year monopoly. ‘Barge with
hoisting gear used to transport marble’.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/patent
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

15. PATENTS:
First Patent in India:
 On March 3, 1856, George Alfred DePenning, a civil engineer,
of Calcutta petitioned for grant of exclusive privileges for his
invention – ‘An Efficient Punkah Pulling Machine’.
Source:
https://aadityapatil.wordpress.com/2015/06/23/the-first-
indian-patent-an-efficient-punkah-pulling-machine/
Source:
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Punkah
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

16. PATENTS:
First Patent in India:
Source:
https://aadityapatil.wordpress.com/2015/06/23/the-first-indian-patent-an-efficient-punkah-pulling-machine/
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

17. PATENTS:
Inventor or
Assignee
Source:
https://giphy.com/stickers/montblancworld-montblanc-meisterstuck-meisterstck-3s8YxDF2gfwrLnKP4j
https://ulleseit.com/2018/03/21/novel-madness-2018-semifinal-round/
https://www.matsuk12.us/Page/22445
Techno Legal
Document
Government
17
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

18. PATENTS:
Criteria for Patent Grant:
 For an invention to be patented, it has to satisfy three
conditions:
Novel
Inventive
Step
Industrial
Applicability
Source:
https://industryleaders.com.au/functions-events-photo-
gallery/ilfsn-cocktail-function-4-february-2019/
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

19. PATENTS:
Criteria for Patent Grant:
1. Novelty:
 The invention must not exist or it must be new and unknown
to the public
 Modified uses of existing processes, machines and composition
of matters or materials are also patentable.



Gem Clip Binder Clip
Source:
https://www.ontimesupplies.com/nsn285
5995-nsn2855995-binder-clip-large-
black-silver-dozen.html
Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Clip.jpg
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

20. PATENTS:
Criteria for Patent Grant:
2. Inventive Step:
 Non – obvious / inventive step means there should not be a
mere improvement from prior state of art.
20
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clip#/media/
Archivo:Wanzijia.jpg

21. PATENTS:
Criteria for Patent Grant:
3. Industrial Applicability:
 Ability to manufacture.
Source: https://time.com/4572079/best-inventions-2016/
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

22. PATENTS:
22
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source
https://www.desertcart.in/products/57384186-jjtgs-sun-shelters-beach-clamp-chair-umbrella-
baby-carriage-umbrella-and-all-position-umbrella-with-universal-clamp-chairbrella-umbrella-
shade-for-folding-chairs-blue

23. PATENTS:






Clears Industrial Applicability
Clears Novelty
Doesn’t clears Inventive Step
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source
https://powersponsorship.com/five-reasons-
sponsors-should-consider-an-umbrella-portfolio/
Source
https://www.my-deco-
shop.com/en/armchairs/2074-armchair-about-
chair-ref-aac153-soft.html

24. PATENTS:
24
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source
https://www.amazon.com/XXHDEE -Outdoor-
Leisure-Umbrella-Portable/dp/B07ZWDF9G9

25. PATENTS:
Types – Product patent and process patent
Examples of Patent:
Examples
Manufactured
article
Machine
Source
https://blogs.solidworks.com/tech/2016/09/s
olidworks-part-reviewer-nail-clippers-
tutorial.html
Source
https://tenor.com/view/old-television-
1salve-tv-gif-12646887
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

26. PATENTS:
Examples of Patent:
Examples
Composition
of matter
Process of
manufacturing
Source
http://dev.odelayfilms.com/work/nippon-paint/
Source
https://giphy.com/explore/oil-refinery
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

27. NON PATENTABLE INVENTIONS :
27
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source:
https://www.saddlespace.org/whittake
rm/science/cms_page/view/7795341
Source:
https://byjus.com/biology/biodiv
ersity-in-plants-and-animals/
Source:
https://medcureindia.com/
treatments
Source:
https://cnduk.org/resources/links-
nuclear-power-nuclear-weapons/
Source:
https://www.goldenrestaura
ntmarketing.com/excellent-
plan-for-restaurant/
Source:
https://www.canarie.ca/soft
ware/

28. PATENTS:
A Quick questionnaire – Eligible for patent?
A method for treatment of cancer?
No
Polyurethane foam coated with silver nano particles?
Yes
A micro-organism existing in nature?
No
Automated transmission system for an automobile?
Yes
Mobile Phone with a Stethoscope?
Yes
An improved cricket ball throwing machine?
Yes
Law of gravity
No

28
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

29. PATENT IS NOT A BIG DEAL:
Note: 90% of the patents are for improvements to existing patented
inventions.
E.g.: Cricket helmet (Stem Guard by Masuri Group Ltd., England)
Source

https://imgur.com/gall
ery/7tBr4Mh

Source

https://www.express.co.uk/ sport/cricket/540629/Phil
-
Hughes
-
death
-
cricket

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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

30. PATENT IS NOT A BIG DEAL:
Note: 90% of the patents are for improvements to existing patented
inventions.
E.g.: Cricket helmet (Stem Guard by Masuri Group Ltd., England)
Source
https://www.lawinsport.com/topics/item/protecting-a-new-protective-cricket-helmet-an-ip-case-study
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

31. COPYRIGHTS :
Copyright is a bundle of exclusive rights granted by law to the
creators to do or authorize the doing of certain acts with regard
to their creations.
In simple words copyrights enables a creator to protect his/her
creative works of written word, art, music, TV/film, software code,
etc.
Copyright is a kind of protection against unauthorized use of
one’s work.


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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

32. COPYRIGHTS :
Examples of copyrights:


Sound
recording
Dramatic
Work
Literary
Work
Artistic
Work
Musical
Work
Cinematog
raphy
32
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

33. COPYRIGHTS :
Various forms of copyrights
33
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source: http://www.disney.in/
Source:
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/21146
5/the-jungle-book-by-rudyard-kipling-introduction-
by-neil-gaiman/

34. 34
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

35. TRADE SECRET:
Source
https://gifer.com/en/8Q4I
35
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source
https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model/43f588f24dd4f4862389a54fb53b0765/Logo -Cocacola

36. TRADE SECRET:
Source
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/18/business/coca-cola-secret-formula/index.html
36
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
John S. Pemberton (1831–88)

37. TRADE SECRET:
Source
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/18/business/coca-cola-secret-formula/index.html
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

38. TRADE MARK:
A trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or
services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.
Trademark is registered for 10 years and can be perpetually
renewed.
Source
https://www.googleimages.com
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

39. TRADE MARK:
Difference between ™ & ®:
Example for
™
Source
https://www.medianews4u.com/delhi-offices-lowe-lintas-
linteractive-bag-new-biz-mandate-india-gate-basmati-rice/
Example for ®
Source
https://www.earnieland.com/en-BE/shop/nike

40. TRADE MARK:
Product name or brand name?


Source:
https://www.technobuffalo.com/best-baby-diapers
Source:
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/dalda -
vanaspati-20399164955.html
40
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Vanaspathi
Diaper

41. TRADE MARK:
Product name or brand name?

Source:
https://gfycat.com/conventionalw
astefulisabellinewheatear
Source:
https://gfycat.com/apprehensiveconcretegorilla
41
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Backhoe loader

42. DESIGN REGISTRATION :
A design patent covers the aesthetic look of a product i.e.:
ornamental shape or surface treatment of a product.
The look need not to have functional application.
Source
http://gallery.wacom.com/gallery/54247849/FA
NTA-Something-twisted-is-coming
Source
https://tenor.com/view/pepsi-gif-8178426
42
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

43. DESIGN REGISTRATION :
Coke Friendly Twist

Source: http://onapi.gob.do/index.php/invenciones/disenos
43
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

44. DESIGN REGISTRATION :
Identify the brand name

Source: https://www.flipkart.com/indulekha-bringha-selfie-bottle-hair-oil/p/itmf3jyqkr3gxnrd
44
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

45. DESIGN REGISTRATION :
Identify the brand name

Source: http://www.ayyanarenterprises.in/?product=natraj-pencil
Source: https://tradevistas.org/pencils-still-teaching-us-lessons-about-trade/
Source: https://www.snapdeal.com/product/reynolds-white-ball-pen/652388893938
45
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

46. PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION :
A new plant variety, irrespective of reproduction method can
also be filed under utility patent. IPR law in India paves a way
to protect plant varieties through manipulation of seeds only.

Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/pretty-flower-blossom-8EvcxIrfrz3TG
46
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

47. PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION :


E.g.: BT Cotton by Monsanto Ltd. to resist plant from bollworms.

Source:
https://gfycat.com/conventionalappropriatedormo
use-caterpillar
Source
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/hybri
d-cotton-seeds-bollgard-ii-18679348291.html
Source: https://pnghunter.com/png/monsanto-logo/
47
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

48. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
Source
https://vajiramias.com/current-affairs/gi-tag-not-extendable-to-unrelated-
business/5c5a9fde1d5def7a8626abd2/
48
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

49. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
A geographical indication (GI) is a tag used on commodities
which have a specific geographical origin and possess
unique qualities or a reputation corresponding to the place of
origin. Has indefinite validity with renewal for every 10 years.
Source
https://krishijagran.com/news/list-of-state-wise-gi-tagged-products-in-india/
49
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

50. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
Who can register?
Any association of persons or producers
Any Organization/authority established under law which
represent the interests of the producers of the concerned goods.
Source: https://dotnetwebs.in/tamilnadu-handlooms-and-textiles-recruitment-2019/
50
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

51. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
Types of GI:
Agricultural products
Manufactured commodities
Handicraft works
Natural and food stuffs
51
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

52. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
First GI of India: 2004 – Agricultural
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling_tea#/media/
File:Darjeeling_tea_Logo.png
Source: http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
52
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

53. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
First GI of Tamil Nadu: 2004 – Salem fabric – Handicraft
Source: http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
Source:
http://www.esuppliersindia.com/guru-ragavendra-
textiles/checks-woven-fabric-pr1056448-sFP-
swf.html
53
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

54. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
Other remarkable GI’s of India: Madurai Malli
Source: http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
Source: https://alchetron.com/Madurai
Source:
http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/238
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

55. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS :
Recent GI of India: Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai
Source: http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
Source:
https://www.villagesnacks.com/product/kovilpatti-
kadalai-mittai-online/
55
R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT

56. REFERENCES :
V. Scople Vinod, Managing Intellectual Property, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2012.
S.V. Satarkar, Intellectual Property Rights and Copy Rights, Ess Ess Publications, New
Delhi, 2002.
https://www.greyb.com/patent-databases-best-search-platforms/
https://ocpatentlawyer.com/patents-make-money/
http://www.ipindia.nic.in/manual-patents.htm
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R.Arun Kumar, AP/Mech & M.Santhana Maruthu Pandian AP/Mech, RIT
Source: https://gifimage.net/thank-you-any-questions-gif-3/