Intellectual Revolution Philippine Building .pdf

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INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 2

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OBJECTIVES
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1.Discuss the paradigm shifts
through history;
2. Explain how the Intellectual
Revolution changed the way
we perceive the world;
3. Describe the technological
advancements that happen
in this era.

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WHAT
CONNECTS
CHAPTERS
1 & 2?
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4. REVIEW ON THE
INTRODUCTION OF STS
• Science is system of knowledge of the natural world
gained through scientific method.
• Technology is practical applications of what we know
about nature
• People living together in organized communities with
shared laws, traditions and values.

5. • Science and Technology have positive and negative
effects in community life, work, health and in
communication.
• It is up to the human usage on how to use technology
in a good way such that technology will not consumed
humanity.
REVIEW ON THE
INTRODUCTION OF STS

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•Inventions were due to human
needs and wants
•Brilliant minds responded to
the call of the time and
created things
REVIEW HISTORICAL
ANTECEDENTS: ANCIENT TIMES
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7. CONCERNS OF PEOPLE
• TRANSPORTATION
• travel places
• discover new horizon and better locations for settlement
• search for food
• exchange goods
• COMMUNICATION
• discover and occupy new places
• record keeping for places, trades, history and culture

8. CONCERNS OF PEOPLE
•WEAPONS AND ARMORS
• establishment of new alliances from other tribes
• stronger tribes tend to invade weaker tribes
• security and protection
• CONSERVATION OF LIFE
• discovery of cure for diseases

9. CONCERNS OF PEOPLE
• INFRASTRUCTURE
• address specific needs and wants
• protection against human attack and natural diseases
• ARCHITECTURE
• style (today)
• nation’s identity; status symbol of technological
advancement of a certain civilization

10. REVIEW: IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIVITIES
DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
• Known as the Age of Exploration
• Massive invasions and migrations
• Wars were prevalent during this time
• Population decline due to wars however, during
the late period there is an increased in number.
• Trade and commerce increased

11. 1. Printing Press
2.Microscope
3.Telescope
4.War Weapons

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REVIEW: EVENTS/ACTIVITIES DURING THE
MIDDLE AGES

12. • 19
th
century onwards
• Greater demand for goods, transportation, and
communication
• During this period, food processing and medicine
posed some of the bigger challenges since health
was a great concern.
REVIEW: IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIVITIES DURING THE
MODERN TIMES

13. REVIEW: IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIVITIES DURING
THE MODERN TIMES

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1. Pasteurization
2.Petroleum Refinery (Animal oil to
Kerosene)
3.Telephone
4.Calculator

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REVIEW: PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
• Vulnerable in natural disasters
• Discoveries and inventions were built from
indigenous materials or created to adapt harsh
tropical environment.

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REVIEW: PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
1. Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
2. Salt Lamp (Sustainable Alternative Lightning)
3. Medical Incubator
4. Mosquito Ovicidal or Larvicidal Trap System
5. E-jeepney

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INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTIONS
•Science and Technology changed
people’s perceptions and beliefs
•The developments during the
Intellectual Revolution showed
how society was transformed
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COPERNICAN
REVOLUTION
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PEOPLE WERE
CURIOUS
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•What created days and nights?
•How heavenly bodies like stars,
moons, and planets work?

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TELESCOPE
GALILEO GALILEI
•Used to study the night sky
•Galileo Galilei did not invent
the telescope but was the
first to use it systematically
to observe celestial objects
and record his discoveries.
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THEORY OF THE
MOVEMENTS OF
HEAVENLY BODIES
•Many Greek philosophers and intellectuals
wrote about planets to explain its
movements and effects on us
•Many of them agreed that planets moved
around in circular motion, and thus created
days and nights
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CLAUDIUS
PTOLEMY
•Stated that the planets, as
well as the sun and moon
moved in a circular motion
around earth
•Sun and moon’s revolution
explained the existence of
days and nights
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GEOCENTRISM
•The earth was at the center
of the solar system
•This Geocentric model was
widely accepted by the
people and was one of the
greatest discoveries of time.
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Key Ideas:
• “Geo” = Earth
• “Centric” = Center
• The Earth is the center of
the solar system
•Claudius Ptolemy
•Greatest discovery

GEOCENTRISM

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NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
•He is a Polish
mathematician and
astronomer
•He challenged Ptolemy’s
idea and introduced the
concept of Heliocentrism
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HELIOCENTRISM
•The center of the
solar system was not
the earth but the sun
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Key Ideas:
• “Helio” = Sun
• “Centric” = Center
• The Sun is the center of the
solar system
•Nicolaus Copernicus
•Birth of Modern Astronomy

HELIOCENTRISM

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HELIOCENTRISM
•This idea was rejected at
first by the public since
their religion taught them
that earth was created first
among others
•Copernicus was even
persecuted as a heretic
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HELIOCENTRISM
•After some time, astronomers
realized that the Copernican
model simplified the orbits of
the planets
•It answered issues that cannot
be answered by Geocentrism
•It was accepted in the modern
astronomy period

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DARWINIAN
REVOLUTION
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CONSIDERED
TO BE ONE
OF THE
CONTROVERSIAL
REVOLUTIONS
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CHARLES
DARWIN
•He was an English
naturalist, biologist, and
geologist who published
the book “On the Origin
of Species” during 1859.
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ON THE ORIGIN
OF SPECIES
•He introduced here the
theory of evolution, which
states that the population
pass through a process of
natural selection known as
the “Survival of the Fittest”
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ON THE ORIGIN
OF SPECIES
•He stated that organisms
have the ability to adapt to
the environment and would
gradually change into
something more competitive
known as evolution
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WHY DID IT
BECOME
CONTROVERSIAL?
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CONTRADICTORY TO
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
•According to the church, the source
of life is a powerful creator
•The theory emerged at time when
most of the population believed and
accepted the biblical version of the
earth’s creation
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CONTRADICTORY TO
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
•It created conflicts that lead to social
division
•Some believed that the theory
explained the origin of life but those
religious ones strongly refuted it
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SCIENCE
•According to Darwin’s
theory, people came
from the first monkey
•There is a natural
explanation of the
environment
RELIGION
•We are created
by a powerful
source, God
•The creation
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THE END OF THE
CONFLICT
•After some time, people came to
understand that Darwin’s Theory
of evolution was not in fact
against the teachings of the
church and both can coexist.
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FREUDIAN
REVOLUTION
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•In the past, the field
psychology was
considered an art rather
than science
PSYCHOLOGY
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SIGMUND
FREUD
•Austrian neurologist,
founder of psychoanalysis
•In the late 19
th
century,
Sigmund Freud was able to
change people’s perception
with his Psychoanalysis.

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PSYCHOANALYSIS
•The study of the human behavior
•In this, Freud explained that there
are many unconscious and
conscious factors that can
influence behavior and emotions
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THE THREE
CONFLICTING
ELEMENTS OF
PERSONALITY
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Instincts
ID
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ID
•Operates pleasure principles
•It consists of all the inherited (i.e., biological)
components of personality present at birth,
including the sex (life) instinct and the
aggressive (death) instinct.
•Personality of the newborn child is all id
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ID
•The idea that every wishful impulse should be
satisfied immediately, regardless of the
consequences.
• When the id achieves its demands, we
experience pleasure when it is denied we
experience ‘unpleasure’ or tension.
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ID
•The id engages in primary process thinking,
which is primitive, illogical, irrational, and
fantasy oriented.
•This form of process thinking has no
comprehension of objective reality, and is selfish
and wishful in nature.
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Reality
EGO
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EGO
•Operates reality principles
•Working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s
demands, often compromising or postponing
satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of
society.
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EGO
• The ego considers social realities and norms, etiquette
and rules in deciding how to behave.
• If the ego fails in its attempt to use the reality principle,
and anxiety is experienced, unconscious defense
mechanisms are employed, to help ward off unpleasant
feelings (i.e., anxiety) or make good things feel better
for the individual.
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EGO
•Freud made the analogy of the id being a horse
while the ego is the rider. The ego is 'like a man
on horseback, who has to hold in check the
superior strength of the horse.‘
(Freud, 1923, p.15)
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Morality
SUPEREGO
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SUPEREGO
• The superego incorporates the values and
morals of society which are learned from
one's parents and others. It develops
around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic
stage of psychosexual development.
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SUPEREGO
•It also has the function of persuading the
ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than
simply realistic ones and to strive for
perfection.
• The superego consists of two systems: The
conscience and the ideal self.
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SUPEREGO
•The conscience can punish the ego through causing
feelings of guilt. For example, if the ego gives in to
the id's demands, the superego may make the
person feel bad through guilt.
•The ideal self (or ego-ideal) is an imaginary
picture of how you ought to be, and represents
career aspirations, how to treat other people, and
how to behave as a member of society.
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WHY DID IT BECOME
A PART OF SCIENCE?
•Science hardliners found out
that its concepts were
philosophical and supernatural
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•Many believed that Freud’s theory had
no scientific basis as no empirical or
experimental data could support it.
•Despite criticisms, he still continued to
work on refining his theory and how it
can be of great help in treating mental
disorders thus it becomes a science
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CONCLUSION
These theories have brought
changes to the perspectives and
perceptions of the scientific
community and the public is the
evidence of science and
technology’s link to humanity.
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, &
NATION-BUILDING

60. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
•Scientific & technological developments in the
Philippines began.
•Filipino Settlers were already using certain plants and
herbs & medicines. As well as farming and animal-
raising were implemented.
•Also developed modes of transportation.(e.g.
carabao cart)

61. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
•Complicated engineering feat was achieved by the
natives of Cordilleras is when they built rice terraces by
HAND.

62. COLONIAL PERIOD
•Also known as Spanish Colonial Period.
•Provided the Philippines with modern means of
construction.
•Spanish government developed health and education
systems that were enjoyed by the principalia class.

63. COLONIAL PERIOD
•The establishment of government agency which is
the BUREAU OF SCIENCE.

64. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
•Philippine presidents posted more developments in the
field of science and technology.
•Ferdinand Marcos ushered in the advancements in
science and technology.

65. POST COLONIAL PERIOD
•During his period many agencies were established
and strengthened. These include:
•PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical
Service Administration)
•NAST (National Academy of Science and Technology)
•DOST (Department of Science and Technology)